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Literally - no more pitbulls.....

Quote
Montreal city officials face backlash after passing a controversial piece of legislation that bans new ownership of pit bulls.

The breed-specific legislation is a result of a 37-23 vote.

The legislation could take effect for Montreal’s 19 boroughs as early as Oct. 3, according to spokeswoman for the Montreal SPCA.

The matter became a priority in June, when resident Christine Vadnais, 55, was mauled to death in her own home by her neighbor’s pit bull.



http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/montreal-passes-controversial-pit-bull-ban-article-1.2810041


Wonder what those wiley Canucks will rename the breed?
Get ready for Lots of [b][color:#3333FF]FAILURES[/color][/b] in Toronto..
1 attempt, 8 seconds.
Don't assume this is just a bad joke and that it will fail. Next step is for PETA to affect local bans on my German Shorthaired Pointers.
I believe Denver had a ban on them for a number of years but now allows them.
Originally Posted by RWE
1 attempt, 8 seconds.

yeah, but you're probably smarter than the average bear..
I was guessing between two and got lucky
fighting breeds, including: American pit bull terrier, American Staffordshire terrier, Staffordshire bull terrier, American bulldog (Old Country bulldog), Dogo Argentino, Canary dog (Canary Island dog, Presa Canario, Perro de Presa Canario), Presa Mallorquin (Perro de Presa Mallorquin, Ca de Bou), Tosa (Tosa inu, Tosa fighting dog, Japanese fighting dog, Japanese mastiff), Cane Corso (Cane di Macellaio, Sicilian branchiero), Fila Brasileiro (Brazilian mastiff

Should be shot on sight
Originally Posted by Deerwhacker444
Get ready for Lots of [b][color:#3333FF]FAILURES[/color][/b] in Toronto..



Quote
The first dog you picked was American Pit Bull Terrier. It took you 0 seconds, and 1 attempt to find the Pit. The dog most commonly picked first is the American Pit Bull Terrier, and the average time is -29 seconds with 8 attempts


Several on that page should be eliminated from society
When I moved here, the county had a ban on the breed I owned, in fact it still does.
I went to the Colorado state vet school and had them listed as Malamutes.
When I asked the vet, he said "Well they look like Malamutes, but I'll call them Cocker Spaniels if that's what you want".
they are too unpredictable, if I am around them I prefer to be armed.
Two pits attacked two teenage girls yesterday in Milwaukee, somehow injuries were not "life threatening" but hospitalization was required.

If you watch the news, the attacks seem to be almost weekly.

Enough.
When we moved to Australia we also moved our dog, which was a major piece of work both in time and money. As we went through the process the documentation made clear that any of the "bull" breeds were not allowed. Once we arrived, to our surprise, the majority of the dogs we saw were "bull" variants.
When home in Canada I live in a small town on the outskirts of Montreal. It will be more than interesting to see how the Montreal Police and the authorities really handle this come "D-Day". The Mayor of Montreal, Denis Coderre,t alks the talk a lot, but doesn't walk the walk a lot, if you get what I mean.

This decision came out of a string of maulings, and deaths from maulings.

This last one was the final kicker frown

http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-woman-mauled-quebec-pit-bull-ban-1.3630599

Family of Montreal woman mauled by dog wants Quebec-wide pit bull ban

The family of a woman who was found dead after being mauled by a dog earlier this week wants pit bulls to be banned in Quebec.

Christiane Vadnais's body was found in her Pointe-aux-Trembles backyard Wednesday after the attack.

Her brother Serge Vadnais says the only way to prevent something similar from happening to someone else is to ban the breed.

"We will work … to push the government to change the law," he said. "As soon as possible, not in two years, now. We will change the law to limit the pit bull in Quebec, the same as in Ontario."

Pit bulls have been banned in Ontario since 2005.

Serge and Gaston Vadnais described their sister as someone who was full of life and always smiling.

She was one of 12 siblings. Her brothers last saw her a week ago at a family picnic.

She was a long-time and well-liked employee of Montreal's public transit agency, the STM.

Several of her co-workers were in shock after learning of her death Thursday morning, Radio-Canada reported.
Dog was left inside the house

Audrey Amzallag, a lawyer representing the dog owner, says on the day of the incident, her client left his dog inside the house and went to school.

"Was there some kind of break in the gate? All those questions are being asked to my client and my client unfortunately has no answers, because when he left for school, [the dog] was in the apartment," she told CBC's Homerun.

Lawyer Audrey Amzallag is representing the man whose dog attacked 55-year-old Christiane Vadnais Wednesday. (Radio-Canada)

She also said this isn't the first time the dog attacked someone. It had been aggressive in at least two other situations.

"One [incident] happened when the owner had tied his dog [outside] a dé​panneur [convenience store] ... on a post and from what I understand when he came back, [the dog] was on the jacket of an individual that he doesn't know," she said.

The dog also attacked the owner's cousin, because it thought the cousin was an intruder, she said.
Quebec studying the issue

The Quebec government announced Thursday it is creating a working group to review, and if necessary, overhaul the regulations surrounding the dogs.

Public Security Minister Martin Coiteux said he isn't ruling out banning the dogs, but that all options will be considered.

Pit bull ban in Quebec one of many possibilities, says public security minister

Montreal announced last month it would be creating regulations to deal with so-called "dangerous dogs" by 2018.
Atomic

Both the province and City of Montreal are considering banning pit bulls, but nothing has been finalized. (Alex Brockman/CBC)

Officials have said the municipal rules will also focus on educating the public on responsible pet ownership, including proper medical care and training.

The Montreal SPCA has said breed-specific legislation gives the public a false sense of security because it doesn't work and leads to non-aggressive dogs being targeted.

I oppose the legislating of dog ownership.




Travis
so...... what are the cops gonna use for target practice now?
Originally Posted by 700LH
fighting breeds, including: American pit bull terrier, American Staffordshire terrier, Staffordshire bull terrier, American bulldog (Old Country bulldog), Dogo Argentino, Canary dog (Canary Island dog, Presa Canario, Perro de Presa Canario), Presa Mallorquin (Perro de Presa Mallorquin, Ca de Bou), Tosa (Tosa inu, Tosa fighting dog, Japanese fighting dog, Japanese mastiff), Cane Corso (Cane di Macellaio, Sicilian branchiero), Fila Brasileiro (Brazilian mastiff

Should be shot on sight


This^^^
Originally Posted by curdog4570
so...... what are the cops gonna use for target practice now?


Ah, that reminds me of my time living in Atyrau Kazakhstan when I learned of the annual dog culling whilst sleeping in bed at 6:00 AM. Had me belly crawl to the window to discover the event. It was a sight to see. Most American's would have been lost on it... Just life outside the US, frankly.
Originally Posted by curdog4570
so...... what are the cops gonna use for target practice now?


Texans.

I hope...





Clark
Originally Posted by EdM
Originally Posted by curdog4570
so...... what are the cops gonna use for target practice now?


Ah, that reminds me of my time living in Atyrau Kazakhstan when I learned of the annual dog culling whilst sleeping in bed at 6:00 AM. Had me belly crawl to the window to discover the event. It was a sight to see. Most American's would have been lost on it... Just life outside the US, frankly.


[Linked Image]
Originally Posted by add
Originally Posted by EdM
Originally Posted by curdog4570
so...... what are the cops gonna use for target practice now?


Ah, that reminds me of my time living in Atyrau Kazakhstan when I learned of the annual dog culling whilst sleeping in bed at 6:00 AM. Had me belly crawl to the window to discover the event. It was a sight to see. Most American's would have been lost on it... Just life outside the US, frankly.


[Linked Image]


I see zero for some reason.
Originally Posted by EdM
Originally Posted by add
Originally Posted by EdM
Originally Posted by curdog4570
so...... what are the cops gonna use for target practice now?


Ah, that reminds me of my time living in Atyrau Kazakhstan when I learned of the annual dog culling whilst sleeping in bed at 6:00 AM. Had me belly crawl to the window to discover the event. It was a sight to see. Most American's would have been lost on it... Just life outside the US, frankly.


[Linked Image]


I see zero for some reason.


Still?

[Linked Image]
Originally Posted by deflave
I oppose the legislating of dog ownership.




Travis


Trust me, after two months and $10k I was thinking...
$10K on what?






Dave
Originally Posted by Tracks
When I moved here, the county had a ban on the breed I owned, in fact it still does.
I went to the Colorado state vet school and had them listed as Malamutes.
When I asked the vet, he said "Well they look like Malamutes, but I'll call them Cocker Spaniels if that's what you want".


you can't have Malamutes?
I was 1 attempt 8 seconds also. Although that Patterdale Terrier is a deceiving pic. It looks more like a pit than a typical Patterdale Terrier.

I normally am not for more rules and regulations. Feel we already have too many. But for Pit Bulls, I will make an exception. They are a proven menace to society. They are in the news here regularly. Never good news, of course. And even he owners who can be considered "good owners" are always still " shocked and amazed" that their dog attacked someone. It is always the same old story. Some people just don't get it. The record speaks for itself.

I saw a Pit in my driveway by side of house last week. It was around midnight. I yelled at it and it left. I then saw the owner. Teenage girl. Told her to tell her parents if their dog was in my yard again it would get shot, and that I meant it. And I did. I have a wife, 2 teenage daughters, a Golden that hasn't a mean bone in her body, and a 4 lb. puppy. I don't need what I consider a loose cannon running around near my house. It is just a chance I am not willing to take......
Originally Posted by curdog4570
so...... what are the cops gonna use for target practice now?


Pieces of [bleep] like this, and with no outcry of racism, not a single negative remark from any government official, most especially not our country's leader, and with the blessing of Canadians.

http://globalnews.ca/news/1625585/canadian-soldier-struck-by-car-in-quebec-has-died/

Canadian soldier dies in Quebec attack ‘linked to terrorist ideology’

TORONTO – Twenty-five-year-old Martin Rouleau, the now-deceased suspect in a deadly hit-and-run that killed one soldier and injured a second, was one of 90 people being monitored for potential terrorist activity and had his passport seized by RCMP.

“What took place yesterday is clearly linked to terrorist ideology, and that’s why we’re offering the support of the INSET (Integrated National Security Enforcement Team) in the investigation,” said Steven Blaney Tuesday morning. “This is a terrible act of violence against our country, against our military, against our values.”

Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) is supporting the investigation, citing national security implications.

“There is reason to believe the event was the violent expression of an extremist ideology promoted by terrorist groups with global followings,” said spokesperson Tahera Mufti in a statement. “That something like this would happen in a peaceable Canadian community like Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu shows the long reach of these ideologies.”

Blaney added the security situation had been monitored for “several weeks” and that RCMP would be providing an update later Tuesday.

RCMP Commissioner Bob Paulson later said the suspect was one of 90 being monitored in an ongoing national security investigation.

He said he does not suspect the slain man had co-conspirators.

“We don’t suspect that, but we’re open to that and we’re concerned about that, so we’re going to be pursuing every investigative avenue to satisfy ourselves that we’ve eliminated that possibility,” he told reporters after an appearance before the House of Commons house affairs committee.

Quebec Provincial Police (QPP) officers are conducting an independent inquiry to determine the sequence of events in the attack, said Lt. Guy Lapointe at a morning press conference. He said the RCMP INSET team is simultaneously investigating motives that may have prompted the suspect’s attack.

“Right now the working thesis is that it was a deliberate act… The investigation is starting I can’t go into detail,” said Lapointe, who added anyone with information can contact investigators at 1-800-659-4264.

Geneviève Guilbault from the Quebec coroner’s office confirmed to Global News that the deceased soldier is 53-year-old Patrice Vincent.

The second soldier’s injuries were described as less serious and authorities are not concerned for his life.

Police said the suspect was waiting in a car up to two hours in a parking lot of a Service Canada office located in Saint-Jean-Sur-Richelieu, before slamming it into the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members.

Following the attack the suspect fled in his car and was chased by police for roughly four kilometres from the original scene at the corner of Schubert and Du Séminaire Streets, until the man lost control of the vehicle and it rolled over several times into a ditch. Quebec Police Lt. Guy Lapointe said the suspect left the car after losing control and had a knife in his hand.

The suspect was shot up to seven times by police according to witnesses, and was pronounced dead Monday evening.

SAINT-JEAN-SUR-RICHELIEU LOCATOR

Québec’s Public Security Minister and Deputy Premier Lise Thériault reminded Canadians of the dangers of associating with “someone who is radicalized” such as suspect Martin Rouleau, who was known for his posts on social media.

“People who’ve seen these kind of comments made on social networks are invited to contact the police,” said Thériault. “Instructions were given two weeks ago to members of the QPP and directors of provincial police forces, so that if there are potential threats we can investigate them.”


How do they determine what a Pitbull is? There are mixed breed dogs that look rather Pitbull like to the uninitiated. Some people see a Boxer mix or a Bull Mastiff mix and call them Pitbulls. Are only those dogs with papers banned?

Originally Posted by Alamosa
I believe Denver had a ban on them for a number of years but now allows them.
Miami tried it, but ran into so many problems identifying non-Pitbulls as Pitbulls that it was constantly being litigated on appeal. Finally, the Florida Supreme Court determined that a breed specific ban was, by its nature, too vague to be Constitutional. Dogs are a species with a wide range of variability in size, body type, etc. The concept of breed isn't actually scientific, so there's no way to determine it in a legal sense, apart from the showing of pure breed papers, which few of the accused were willing to do.
Originally Posted by jaguartx
Originally Posted by 700LH
fighting breeds, including: American pit bull terrier, American Staffordshire terrier, Staffordshire bull terrier, American bulldog (Old Country bulldog), Dogo Argentino, Canary dog (Canary Island dog, Presa Canario, Perro de Presa Canario), Presa Mallorquin (Perro de Presa Mallorquin, Ca de Bou), Tosa (Tosa inu, Tosa fighting dog, Japanese fighting dog, Japanese mastiff), Cane Corso (Cane di Macellaio, Sicilian branchiero), Fila Brasileiro (Brazilian mastiff

Should be shot on sight


This^^^
Nah. Let's shoot bird dogs. I like birds, and bird dogs help folks shoot birds. Birds are pretty.
Any dog that looks remotely like a pitbull is shot around my place. Same with all those "mean" breeds like Rottweilers, etc.

No need for regulation..... unless I'm shooting a double barrel.
Originally Posted by The_Real_Hawkeye
How do they determine what a Pitbull is? There are mixed breed dogs that look rather Pitbull like to the uninitiated. Some people see a Boxer mix or a Bull Mastiff mix and call them Pitbulls. Are only those dogs with papers banned?



The whole ban is a joke, and the Montreal Mayors' way of securing some votes for the next election.

Here you go, your answers and more. Quoted from the below artcle:

http://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/frequently-asked-questions-on-montreals-new-pit-bull-ban

Frequently asked questions on Montreal's new pit bull ban

For pit-bull-type dogs:

As of Oct. 3 it is illegal to acquire a pit-bull-type dog. Potential owners have until then to adopt or buy one.

Current owners of pit-bull-type dogs must obtain a special permit by Dec. 31; if they don’t the dog is forbidden on Montreal territory and could be euthanized. Any dogs deemed dangerous can also be euthanized.

By March 1, owners must supply documentation proving the dog has its special permit ($150), is sterilized, microchipped and vaccinated; owners can only have one dog. Owners will have to submit proof they have no criminal record.

As of Oct. 3, pit-bull-type dogs will have to be muzzled at all times outside of their homes and kept on a 1.25-metre leash.

What is a pit-bull-type dog?

According to the city bylaw, they are American Staffordshire terriers, Staffordshire bull terriers and American pit bull terriers, any mixed breed dogs that have a part of those breeds, or any dog with similar physical characteristics.

How do I find out if my dog is considered a pit-bull-type?

Councillor Anie Samson said the dog can be easily identified visually; often they have large heads and wide necks. The SPCA says it’s virtually impossible to identify “pit-bull-type dogs” definitively, and even its veterinarians can’t do it.

Who will decide if dog is considered a pit-bull-type breed?

City spokespeople on Wednesday suggested citizens call Montreal’s help line at 311 to ask, but citizens who have done so said the operators didn’t have the information.

City spokespeople were unable to provide additional information Wednesday.

Can I fight the classification of my dog as a pit-bull-type if I think it’s incorrect?

Spokespeople for the city of Montreal were unable to provide the information Wednesday.

How do I get a certificate proving I have no criminal record?

City officials Wednesday said probably at the police department, but were not certain. The Montreal police force said Wednesday they were not aware how citizens will get their background checks.

Will the SPCA euthanize pit-bull-type dogs starting Monday?

The SPCA says it’s against its mandate to kill healthy, behaviourally sound dogs, so it won’t. But it does not have the funds to ship hundreds of dogs abroad. Rescue organizations have already transported dozens of pit bulls to places like New Brunswick and Saskatchewan. (The Montreal SPCA estimates one third of the 2,000 dogs it receives each year are of the city’s pit-bull-type category) The new bylaw could force it to terminate dog services for the 10 boroughs it serves. The SPCA filed an injunction in court Wednesday to suspend elements of the bylaw.

How will the city enforce the law?

It’s promising to hire the equivalent of eight full-time inspectors. At present, boroughs like Côte-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grâce (population 165,000), Ahuntsic-Cartierville, Plateau-Mont-Royal and Rosemont-La-Petite Patrie hire a canine inspector for half of every week. The city has promised to hire more with revenues from dog licensing. Several councillors said the ban is unenforceable because of a lack of funds and inspectors.
Originally Posted by curdog4570
Any dog that looks remotely like a pitbull is shot around my place. Same with all those "mean" breeds like Rottweilers, etc.

No need for regulation..... unless I'm shooting a double barrel.
By now, you'd think someone would have done something about you, which makes me doubt your story, since you're quite obviously still breathing.
Originally Posted by deflave
$10K on what?








Dave


Multiple flights, travel to/from flights, 30 days quarantine, meds, boarding for quarantine...
Originally Posted by The_Real_Hawkeye
Originally Posted by curdog4570
Any dog that looks remotely like a pitbull is shot around my place. Same with all those "mean" breeds like Rottweilers, etc.

No need for regulation..... unless I'm shooting a double barrel.
By now, you'd think someone would have done something about you, which makes me doubt your story, since you're quite obviously still breathing.


You must live in a very strange place if you think my behavior with respect to dogs is aberrant.
Originally Posted by EdM
When we moved to Australia we also moved our dog, which was a major piece of work both in time and money. As we went through the process the documentation made clear that any of the "bull" breeds were not allowed. Once we arrived, to our surprise, the majority of the dogs we saw were "bull" variants.


Now Ed you know that is not right, we don't have any 'bulls' here, we only have 'pig dogs'...totally different thing.


Miss us yet?
Originally Posted by curdog4570
Originally Posted by The_Real_Hawkeye
Originally Posted by curdog4570
Any dog that looks remotely like a pitbull is shot around my place. Same with all those "mean" breeds like Rottweilers, etc.

No need for regulation..... unless I'm shooting a double barrel.
By now, you'd think someone would have done something about you, which makes me doubt your story, since you're quite obviously still breathing.


You must live in a very strange place if you think my behavior with respect to dogs is aberrant.
Perhaps you meant to say that dogs of this general type on your place (land) are shot, not around it, which (the latter) would include dogs on your neighbors' properties.
Originally Posted by The_Real_Hawkeye
Originally Posted by curdog4570
Originally Posted by The_Real_Hawkeye
Originally Posted by curdog4570
Any dog that looks remotely like a pitbull is shot around my place. Same with all those "mean" breeds like Rottweilers, etc.

No need for regulation..... unless I'm shooting a double barrel.
By now, you'd think someone would have done something about you, which makes me doubt your story, since you're quite obviously still breathing.


You must live in a very strange place if you think my behavior with respect to dogs is aberrant.
Perhaps you meant to say that dogs of this general type on your place (land) are shot, not around it, which (the latter) would include dogs on your neighbors' properties.


Any wandering dogs found on farmland around here are shot on sight, there is nothing aberrant about it as it is the same all across Australia.
Originally Posted by Lynn
...

Will the SPCA euthanize pit-bull-type dogs starting Monday?

The SPCA says it’s against its mandate to kill healthy, behaviourally sound dogs, so it won’t. But it does not have the funds to ship hundreds of dogs abroad. Rescue organizations have already transported dozens of pit bulls to places like New Brunswick and Saskatchewan. (The Montreal SPCA estimates one third of the 2,000 dogs it receives each year are of the city’s pit-bull-type category) The new bylaw could force it to terminate dog services for the 10 boroughs it serves. The SPCA filed an injunction in court Wednesday to suspend elements of the bylaw.

...


This part about what to do with them is a slippery slope.
When a dog fighting ring was busted in a nearby town some years ago there was an outcry of sympathy for the poor dogs. This was a pretty large number of dogs - about 50.
After a time - a few weeks I think - they declare success by proclaiming that none of the poor fighting dogs had to be euthanized due to lack of a place to put them.
... the rest of the story (the tragic part) is that to make space for them in the shelters they had to shorten the already short lease on life that the existing shelter dogs had (almost all more desirable animals) to accommodate the fighting dogs.
Originally Posted by JSTUART
Originally Posted by EdM
When we moved to Australia we also moved our dog, which was a major piece of work both in time and money. As we went through the process the documentation made clear that any of the "bull" breeds were not allowed. Once we arrived, to our surprise, the majority of the dogs we saw were "bull" variants.


Now Ed you know that is not right, we don't have any 'bulls' here, we only have 'pig dogs'...totally different thing.


Miss us yet?


We sure do.
Originally Posted by curdog4570
Originally Posted by The_Real_Hawkeye
Originally Posted by curdog4570
Any dog that looks remotely like a pitbull is shot around my place. Same with all those "mean" breeds like Rottweilers, etc.

No need for regulation..... unless I'm shooting a double barrel.
By now, you'd think someone would have done something about you, which makes me doubt your story, since you're quite obviously still breathing.


You must live in a very strange place if you think my behavior with respect to dogs is aberrant.


Don't get much stranger than Florida.
Originally Posted by Deerwhacker444
Get ready for Lots of [b][color:#3333FF]FAILURES[/color][/b] in Toronto..


1 attempt, 4 seconds. Didn't need to scroll down to look at all of 'em.

It was easy, I live on the West Side.
Originally Posted by EdM
When we moved to Australia we also moved our dog, which was a major piece of work both in time and money. As we went through the process the documentation made clear that any of the "bull" breeds were not allowed. Once we arrived, to our surprise, the majority of the dogs we saw were "bull" variants.


The ID-the-pit test on the link was a slam-dunk fer me. And as further evidence I'm gonna throw in pics of the late, unlamented pit Petey, whom Rog kindly adopted and which later turned on him for no special reason. Keep in mind that Rog is an experienced dog guy. Petey had a normal upbringing, was well-socialized and never encouraged to be aggressive .

Folks at the time on this site assured me the young Petey weren't really a pit....

[Linked Image]

..but no one questioned the ID when he grew up (Rog's photo)....

[Linked Image]


Long way of saying I expect I can spot a pit as well as anyone. And thinking on it, it ain't just the appearance but the general demeanor of the dog. When the aggression switch ain't flipped, which it almost never is towards their owners, pits typically have a sort of affectionate, slobbery, yet pushy demeanor.

England has had a ban on pit-bulls for years.

Yet I saw them all over over there, most often in the hands of the same sort of morons who own 'em here.

Birdwatcher
Originally Posted by The_Real_Hawkeye
Originally Posted by jaguartx
Originally Posted by 700LH
fighting breeds, including: American pit bull terrier, American Staffordshire terrier, Staffordshire bull terrier, American bulldog (Old Country bulldog), Dogo Argentino, Canary dog (Canary Island dog, Presa Canario, Perro de Presa Canario), Presa Mallorquin (Perro de Presa Mallorquin, Ca de Bou), Tosa (Tosa inu, Tosa fighting dog, Japanese fighting dog, Japanese mastiff), Cane Corso (Cane di Macellaio, Sicilian branchiero), Fila Brasileiro (Brazilian mastiff

Should be shot on sight


This^^^
Nah. Let's shoot bird dogs. I like birds, and bird dogs help folks shoot birds. Birds are pretty.


Yep.

Pretty much a proven fact that bird dogs have an innate tendency ACT like bird dogs even though they may have never been trained for or taken out bird hunting. Familiar example, lots of urban labs will retrieve all day long, and they love water. Lots of pointers and Brittanys will range 40 yards out when walked off a leash and go on point all by themselves.

Same thing with the fighting/baiting breeds, they tend to act like what they've been bred for.

In our own small sampling among the members here we got a pit that went rogue in Corpus Christi and an American Bulldog that did the exact same in wherever BCBrian lives.

Birdwatcher
Pit-bull life's matter.
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