One of my shooting buddies plays with a French Chassepot needle gun. Rather interesting rifle. Sorry, no pics of the gun but here's a pic of the cartridge. (A dud he bestowed on me. Such a guy!)
Something on the order of 70 gr. powder, 385 gr. bullet. Bullet body is .450 diameter, driving/base band is .465. You can see in the second pic where the "needle" pierced the back of the cartridge on the way to hitting the cap which lies behind the bullet. All the paper is either consumed or blown out the barrel upon discharge, leaving the chamber clean for the next shot.
The rifle is quite accurate, when it actually fires.