The answer is always the same: how good is the man behind the rifle?
Either will kill stuff a helluva lot further away than the vast majority have any business shooting.
True, but not what was asked. In fact, the differences are pretty easily quantifiable when using the same bullets.
I like 165-16g bullets in my .308 Win, .30-06 and even the .300 Win (although it also gets 180�s), so let�s compare them.
Figuring a 165g AccuBond (BC .475), data from Nosler �s 6th and zeroing for Maximum Point Blank Range for a 6� diameter target:
.308 Win
2910 fps = Muzzle Velocity, 24� barrel
247 yds = MPBR Zero
291 yds = MPBR
445 yds = -24�
505 yds = -36�
510yds = 1500fpe
525 yds = 2000fps
.300 RUM
3483 fps = Muzzle Velocity, 26� barrel
293 yds = MPBR Zero
344 yds = MPBR
525 yds = -24�
590 yds = -36�
785 yds = 1500fpe
800 yds = 2000fps
.300 RUM advantage
573 fps = Muzzle Velocity
46 yds = MPBR Zero
53 yds = MPBR
80 yds = -24�
85 yds = -36�
275 yds = 1500fpe
275 yds = 2000fps