and shooting damn near any animal in the lungs or heart with any of those, would lead to it dying. but what of stopping a charge, or keeping it from crossing a property line or etc?
so, if we are talking about efficiency...how do we measure it and what variables actually matter?
Stopping a charge or keeping it from crossing a line is accomplished with a CNS shot.
A CNS shot is accomplished by having intimate familiarity with your weapon.
The variables for that, and a heart/lung shot are only two:
1) A bullet constructed to do the job and....
2) your ability to surgically place it if necessary.
Caliber/cartridge are pretty secondary considerations...ask Shrap, he killed a grizzly with a .25-35 I believe.
I do a lot of " stunt shooting"- shooting deer sized critters with centerfire .22s...they don't leave a blood trail worth a crap, so it is incumbent to shoot them in such a way that there will be no trail to follow.
There is no substitute for trigger time.