Aside from CNS hits...speaking of busting lungs/heart only:
Light bullets with thin jackets drop them fast.
Heavier, stouter cup and cores not as fast as above.
Light or heavy monolithic's not as fast as either of the above.
This.
Bullet construction matters more than what is on the cartridge head stamp. With deer, I've found 90-150 grain bullets such as Nosler BTs to be about as good as it gets out of 243s to 30-06s and about every cartridge in between. They get it done on deer..
