If you are talking about a round ball rifle, you can kill deer with a 45 or 50 but 54 and 58 is where it’s at. People who are unfamiliar with flintlocks and muzzleloaders in general $hit themselves drooling over a 45 caliber barrel because they think it’s big. It’s really not, especially as a RB rifle. Most people btw will have no problems shooting a 58. Not a lot of recoil. Also, people will mistakenly tell you a 45 or 50 will shoot flatter then. 54 or 58. Not true at all. If you drive them as fast the bigger ball has a higher BC.