Read the Sandyhook tests on the .45-70, they will go into the penetration differences between the 405 and 500 grain bullets of that era.

I have loaded both the 420 and 540 grain bullets, but I really can't tell you if one will out-penetrate the other. I've never recovered one of either weight.

I've run the 420s at 1650 fps and the 540s at 1550 fps, and to be honest, I feel that the 420s at 1650 are medicine enough for this continent.