The longer the rod, the more advantage the fish has.
For surf casting I'd stick with a heavy duty spinning reel, though a conventional reel would also work. For fishing from a small boat, you'd want a short rod, 6' perhaps, and a conventional reel, such as a Penn 113.
The short boat rod with a "multiplier" reel approach is known as "down tiding" and from what I gather, you're fishing directly over the side of the boat on the "down tide side" using heavy weights to hold bottom.
There is another approach known as "up tiding" where you cast a distance "up tide" of the boat and for this, a slightly longer, lighter rod is used, along with lighter weights.
I've no tried either methods yet, but it is something I'd like to have a go at..
Along the coast, boat fishing is very popular and there are plenty of charter boats that do fishing trips, so one of these days I will no doubt get around to it!