IIRC all/most of the students that were noted in this sample had simply taken their concealed carry class at the Given's facility - not one of the many curriculum classes he offered.
Memphis is a mean ass place (Check the UCR stats if you have doubts) and out of thousands that have taken their CCW classes from him a certain number of them have been involved in uses of deadly force and reported that involvement back to him. Don't read anything more into the study than that.
The takeaway from his findings simply mirrors what's been going on everywhere in the world from the get-go; the common denominator to being successful in an armed encounter is being armed. Your gun, holster, grips, sights and ammo do NOT determine outcomes.
Only your skill and will matter. Unless you just get lucky ..... or not.
