Unless you want to shoot heavier bullets than 165s, are hung up on short actions, or worried about a couple of ft-lbs of recoil, they look like functional equivalents to me in the real world and its a coin flip. I know no deer is ever going to know the difference. I've never killed an elk or a moose but people kill em with .308's all the time.
I think for me it would depend on the rifle. If I were going the ultra light route I'd probably go .308 just to maximize the concept. In an M77 or equivalent, I'd probably go 30-06 to maximize the versatility and horsepower. In the varmint/tacticool class, its gonna be .308 unless you do a custom because that is what the factories chamber in those kind of rifles.
