Yep. And you still see it today. The SS casino sure doesn't seem to be benefiting the White Earth tribe as a whole, that is for sure.
No, you don't. At least not like back in the 50s and 60s when they were still hauling kids off to the boarding schools. I spent a few days on White Earth a year or so back and the difference was really surprising. Places like Ponsford are nothing like what they used to be.
They may well have a lot of problems left to solve, there may be a pretty high level of chemical dependency, but life in general has gotten a lot better for them. A lot better.
Personally, I look at it like this: They are have problems learning to manage money. Not surprising at all when you look at the whites who never had a pot to piss in coming into a lot of money that they did not have to invest a lifetime of work to obtain. With a couple hundred generations of living a day to day subsistence life and then in one generation it all changes it would be surprising as hell if they didn't have a lot of problems.