When I was a little boy ~ 6, my father, the chief engineer gun designer, told me that a 30-06 went 3 miles, but one of his howitzers would go 20 miles with the same velocity, because the wind resistance goes up with the square of the diameter, but the mass goes up with the cube of the diameter.
53 years later, Google agrees with my father:
http://www.rangeinfo.org/resource_library/facility_mngmnt/design/design_criteria.htm The .22 long rifle is going about 4,590 feet. That's just under a mile.
The .223 travels about two miles.
The .30-caliber is going about 15,000 feet or three miles.
