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#16556625 10/24/21
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The real story. This should wake people up. It truly is one of the worst crimes in human history. Everyone should watch this video

https://www.oann.com/the-story-of-ivermectin-sheds-light-on-the-history-benefits-of-the-drug/

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Yup, they are murdering lots of people... and this doesn't even mention the fact that remdesivire destroys kidneys.. .and that the shot wouldn't even be needed which is killing countless others... and the loss of jobs now through forced mandates. This is actually a small part of a much larger scheme to control the world and take away all individual freedom.


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Originally Posted by yukon254
The real story. This should wake people up. It truly is one of the worst crimes in human history. Everyone should watch this video

https://www.oann.com/the-story-of-ivermectin-sheds-light-on-the-history-benefits-of-the-drug/

Cannot access that. 403 forbidden comes up


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Originally Posted by Hastings
Originally Posted by yukon254
The real story. This should wake people up. It truly is one of the worst crimes in human history. Everyone should watch this video

https://www.oann.com/the-story-of-ivermectin-sheds-light-on-the-history-benefits-of-the-drug/

Cannot access that. 403 forbidden comes up



Strange, the link works for me. Here it is again. https://www.oann.com/the-story-of-ivermectin-sheds-light-on-the-history-benefits-of-the-drug/


If it doesnt work for you go to One America News and you will see "the story of ivermectin". Its worth your time.

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Originally Posted by yukon254
Originally Posted by Hastings
Originally Posted by yukon254
The real story. This should wake people up. It truly is one of the worst crimes in human history. Everyone should watch this video
https://www.oann.com/the-story-of-ivermectin-sheds-light-on-the-history-benefits-of-the-drug/

Cannot access that. 403 forbidden comes up

Strange, the link works for me. Here it is again. https://www.oann.com/the-story-of-ivermectin-sheds-light-on-the-history-benefits-of-the-drug/
If it doesnt work for you go to One America News and you will see "the story of ivermectin". Its worth your time.
Every way I try to access OAN 403 forbidden comes up


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Ivermectin played a big roll in helping myself and the Wife get over Covid.
That stuff will always be in the medicine cabinet from now on.

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Originally Posted by eric123
Ivermectin played a big roll in helping myself and the Wife get over Covid.
That stuff will always be in the medicine cabinet from now on.


Why would scientific medical experts in Canada ban ivermectin, a very well documented, successful and cheap anti viral, to treat a deadly virus?


Ive used ivermectin, zinc, selenium, fit D for years during the flu season and when I fly.

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In the US it is pretty hard to obtain. I asked my local national drugstore chain pharmacist and was told they had to have a proper diagnosis code to provide it. Same for Hydroxychloroquine. But, it is available at compounding pharmacies and mom-and-pop private drugstores, few of which now exist. I called one of the compounding pharmacies and mentioned that it's amazing that this drug is readily available all over the world for treating this covid virus and they just said "yes".


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Originally Posted by Hastings
Originally Posted by yukon254
Originally Posted by Hastings
Originally Posted by yukon254
The real story. This should wake people up. It truly is one of the worst crimes in human history. Everyone should watch this video
https://www.oann.com/the-story-of-ivermectin-sheds-light-on-the-history-benefits-of-the-drug/

Cannot access that. 403 forbidden comes up

Strange, the link works for me. Here it is again. https://www.oann.com/the-story-of-ivermectin-sheds-light-on-the-history-benefits-of-the-drug/
If it doesnt work for you go to One America News and you will see "the story of ivermectin". Its worth your time.
Every way I try to access OAN 403 forbidden comes up



Try this
https://www.oann.com/

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Try using a vpn and setting your location to another country. Also use a search engine other than google (duckduckgo) when you attempt to watch. Maybe these steps will help.

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Originally Posted by yukon254
Originally Posted by Hastings
Originally Posted by yukon254
Originally Posted by Hastings
Originally Posted by yukon254
The real story. This should wake people up. It truly is one of the worst crimes in human history. Everyone should watch this video
https://www.oann.com/the-story-of-ivermectin-sheds-light-on-the-history-benefits-of-the-drug/

Cannot access that. 403 forbidden comes up

Strange, the link works for me. Here it is again. https://www.oann.com/the-story-of-ivermectin-sheds-light-on-the-history-benefits-of-the-drug/
If it doesnt work for you go to One America News and you will see "the story of ivermectin". Its worth your time.
Every way I try to access OAN 403 forbidden comes up



Try this
https://www.oann.com/

Did not work. 403 forbidden again. I'll work on that when I get back from church. This is odd.


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Worked for me



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For the second time in 2021 I've had c 19. Since 10/11 it's worked me over . On10/20 I was able to get to urgent care I was tested pos. Dr didn't prescribe me anything he checked me out told me I had it on the run. He couldn't prescribe the things I'd done for myself. He just smiled and said lots of rest and sleep plenty of fluids.i am still here and back on my feet. Mb


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Safe Shooting!
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Yeah, they only had a small sample of what....235,000,000....I talk to people in India several times
a week & based on what I have been told, Ivermectin saved a lot of lives. There is no down-side,
unlike the spike protein gene therapy people are being forced to be inoculated with presently. The
only downside is there is no money to be made from it since the patent protection ran out years ago
& with no profit motivation none of the pharmaceutical companies will spend the money to get it approved.
Alberta Health Services will do & say what they are told. The medical mafia is losing the narrative & they
know it.

"Both observational trial data and “real world” data sources need careful evaluation using
these key principles of review: expert peer review of evidence, assessment of errors in
reporting, assessment of due scientific diligence, and careful consideration of
confounders. These principles have not been applied to this data.
• This observational data is much lower quality evidence compared with randomized trials
(which also can vary in quality and require assessment). There is variability in
assessment of infection rates and outcome reporting at a population level, as well as
confounding.
• Multiple sources suggest the infection rate and death toll of COVID-19 in India in
general, and Uttar Pradesh in particular, has been underestimated and current
transmission is likely lower because of post infection immunity in survivors given prior
waves of the pandemic

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Hydroxychloriquinine + Zinc also works. It worked on my BIL. Hydroxy opens the cells to allow zinc in. Then when the Covid attacks the cells, it bonds with zinc committing suicide. He had Covid last year, and later he tested for antibodies, and he had none. So yeah he could get it again, but it killed it.

Both hydroxy and Ivermectin are cheap drugs that drug companies make very little profit on. These two drugs are what most third world countries are using to fight this virus. Their death numbers from Covid are way down. All except Peru which is very high for some reason. Since it attacks the nose and lungs and they live at very high altitudes, lack of oxygen may be why it is killing so many there.

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You listen to too much bad propaganda, Dave.

https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavir...id-treatment-protocol-1857306-2021-09-26

Why HCQ and Ivermectin were removed from India’s Covid-19 treatment protocol

Ivermectin and HCQ were dropped from the clinical guidance after studies found that these drugs have little to no effect on Covid-related mortality or clinical recovery of the patient.


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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
You listen to too much bad propaganda, Dave.

https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavir...id-treatment-protocol-1857306-2021-09-26

Why HCQ and Ivermectin were removed from India’s Covid-19 treatment protocol

Ivermectin and HCQ were dropped from the clinical guidance after studies found that these drugs have little to no effect on Covid-related mortality or clinical recovery of the patient.



What an absolute load of horse [bleep] that ^ is. There is so much evidence to the contrary now you would have to be a moron to buy into that load of crap. This information took 5 seconds to find, but even the NIH now admits ivermectin works...

https://principia-scientific.com/india-is-now-covid-19-free-by-using-ivermectin/

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None of us get everything right 100% of the time, but to keep saying something doesnt work when the evidence against you is overwhelming is total insanity. I think it also hurts some because they had such great faith in their government, and the government appointed health officials. Now they can see they were being lied to for months and months, and they dont like to be wrong. These same people will continue to deny the efficacy of ivermectin until they day they die. To admit it works would be to admit their government let many tens of thousands of their fellow countrymen die. Which is exactly what happened.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8088823/

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There is insufficient evidence of its value.


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Our vet said to put it on my hair.


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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
There is insufficient evidence of its value.


There is so much evidence you have to be willfully blind or have a very low IQ not to see it. Again, even the NIH admits that now.

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Nope.


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Is it Steve Redgwell or Stevie Wonder....

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Mr. Steve: You might wish to consider you're being duped by your government. You might want to read up what our NIH said about imperfect vaccines making viruses turn into deadly variants that when otherwise left alone they would turn less lethal. Type in a search for imperfect vaccines PubMed.gov NIH and read the July 27, 2015 article. Also very informative would be to type in a search for 'Ivermectin Wonder Drug' and read the February 10, 2011 paper put out by our government which considering the date did not address CV-19 but it should allay any fears about ivermectin safety in humans. I can tell you from personal experience that a 10 to 15% overdose will not harm you and very well may help you. The animal version won't harm you in proper dosage. If nothing else you probably carry a few parasites around that as Jesus said "will be cast out into the draught". Good luck and God bless.

Last edited by Hastings; 10/25/21.

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Originally Posted by yukon254
Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
There is insufficient evidence of its value.


There is so much evidence you have to be willfully blind or have a very low IQ not to see it. Again, even the NIH admits that now.


A local 45 year old in otherwise good health was about to go on ventilator when his doctor said he was going to try one more thing but didn't know if it would work. He prescribed ivermectin. With 24 hours he was off of oxygen and recovering. Ivermectin definitely helps many people.



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Why not try ivermectin on cases where people are on ventilators and going downhill rapidly to an obvious death with nothing to lose. I'd be first in line if I were in that position.

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Originally Posted by bushrat
Why not try ivermectin on cases where people are on ventilators and going downhill rapidly to an obvious death with nothing to lose. I'd be first in line if I were in that position.

That's the way it has been tested and it doesn't work when things are already headed South. It's too late for that type treatment.

Early on, it may have some efficacy. Waiting until Covid patients are on vents in the ICU isn't the time to do a study of Ivermectin or Hydroxychloroquine. And seems to me that's what has happened, just to "prove" that these treatments don't work. Of course they don't work in that scenario.

A better way to look at it is to study large populations like in Africa where HCQ is widely used for malaria and in South America where Ivermectin is widely used to treat parasites. Study those populations, take that data and statistically compare it to populations where these meds are not being used. You don't see much of that. They had to show that these vaccines were the ONLY solution in order to get the emergency designation for usage. Disingenuous exclusion of certain data that doesn't fit the narrative, IMO. What else is new.

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I can say for me that taking Ivermectin early in Both times I've had c 19 made a world of difference. I'm still here and on my feet and no one is vaccinating me. And anyone who doesn't like that can shove it up their ass. Mb

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Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer

Originally Posted by bushrat
Why not try ivermectin on cases where people are on ventilators and going downhill rapidly to an obvious death with nothing to lose. I'd be first in line if I were in that position.

That's the way it has been tested and it doesn't work when things are already headed South. It's too late for that type treatment.

Early on, it may have some efficacy. Waiting until Covid patients are on vents in the ICU isn't the time to do a study of Ivermectin or Hydroxychloroquine. And seems to me that's what has happened, just to "prove" that these treatments don't work. Of course they don't work in that scenario.

A better way to look at it is to study large populations like in Africa where HCQ is widely used for malaria and in South America where Ivermectin is widely used to treat parasites. Study those populations, take that data and statistically compare it to populations where these meds are not being used. You don't see much of that. They had to show that these vaccines were the ONLY solution in order to get the emergency designation for usage. Disingenuous exclusion of certain data that doesn't fit the narrative, IMO. What else is new.

DF


Actually there is are many cases now where ivermectin was used as a last ditch effort in an ICU setting and saved patients lives. Some of these cases have been pretty high profile where the families of the patients had to go to court to get a judge to order the doctors to prescribe ivermectin.

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Originally Posted by yukon254
Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer

Originally Posted by bushrat
Why not try ivermectin on cases where people are on ventilators and going downhill rapidly to an obvious death with nothing to lose. I'd be first in line if I were in that position.

That's the way it has been tested and it doesn't work when things are already headed South. It's too late for that type treatment.

Early on, it may have some efficacy. Waiting until Covid patients are on vents in the ICU isn't the time to do a study of Ivermectin or Hydroxychloroquine. And seems to me that's what has happened, just to "prove" that these treatments don't work. Of course they don't work in that scenario.

A better way to look at it is to study large populations like in Africa where HCQ is widely used for malaria and in South America where Ivermectin is widely used to treat parasites. Study those populations, take that data and statistically compare it to populations where these meds are not being used. You don't see much of that. They had to show that these vaccines were the ONLY solution in order to get the emergency designation for usage. Disingenuous exclusion of certain data that doesn't fit the narrative, IMO. What else is new.

DF


Actually there is are many cases now where ivermectin was used as a last ditch effort in an ICU setting and saved patients lives. Some of these cases have been pretty high profile where the families of the patients had to go to court to get a judge to order the doctors to prescribe ivermectin.

I’d say its highest and best use is earlier in the disease process.

It’s the intense inflammatory reaction, not so much the virus that kills. It’s the cytokine storm that’s so bad. Autopsy slides of Covid lung show an inflammatory picture, not so much a viral one. So, if ivermectin is effective blocking the virus from attaching to the ACE 2 sites on the cell, I’d think it’s effectiveness against overwhelming runaway inflammation may not be its ideal application.

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Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer
Originally Posted by yukon254
Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer

Originally Posted by bushrat
Why not try ivermectin on cases where people are on ventilators and going downhill rapidly to an obvious death with nothing to lose. I'd be first in line if I were in that position.

That's the way it has been tested and it doesn't work when things are already headed South. It's too late for that type treatment.

Early on, it may have some efficacy. Waiting until Covid patients are on vents in the ICU isn't the time to do a study of Ivermectin or Hydroxychloroquine. And seems to me that's what has happened, just to "prove" that these treatments don't work. Of course they don't work in that scenario.

A better way to look at it is to study large populations like in Africa where HCQ is widely used for malaria and in South America where Ivermectin is widely used to treat parasites. Study those populations, take that data and statistically compare it to populations where these meds are not being used. You don't see much of that. They had to show that these vaccines were the ONLY solution in order to get the emergency designation for usage. Disingenuous exclusion of certain data that doesn't fit the narrative, IMO. What else is new.

DF


Actually there is are many cases now where ivermectin was used as a last ditch effort in an ICU setting and saved patients lives. Some of these cases have been pretty high profile where the families of the patients had to go to court to get a judge to order the doctors to prescribe ivermectin.

I’d say its highest and best use is earlier in the disease process.

It’s the intense inflammatory reaction, not so much the virus that kills. It’s the cytokine storm that’s so bad. Autopsy slides of Covid lung show an inflammatory picture, not so much a viral one. So, if ivermectin is effective blocking the virus from attaching to the ACE 2 sites on the cell, I’d think it’s effectiveness against overwhelming runaway inflammation may not be its ideal application.

DF


Ivermectin is a strong anti-inflammatory agent as well. Ive read where some have had success treating inflammatory disease like RA with it

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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
Nope.


You would eat a paper bag full of warm dogshcit with a spoon every day if blackface justin told you to.

Unfortunately Canada is populated by enough ignorant cowardly weak anti science uneducated idiots (like the US). that people never get their lives back.

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Fringe Doctors’ Groups Promote Ivermectin for COVID despite a Lack of Evidence
The organizations touting unproved protocols for the antiparasitic drug may be harming vaccination efforts

Ivermectin has helped treat hundreds of millions of people and billions of pets and farm animals for parasitic diseases. Its discovery even garnered a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. But now several groups of doctors are encouraging and enabling people to take the drug off-label to treat or prevent COVID—despite a lack of solid evidence that it works against the disease and the fact that high doses can be harmful. In doing so, some experts believe these groups are undermining vaccination efforts.

The rest here - https://www.scientificamerican.com/...in-for-covid-despite-a-lack-of-evidence/


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Ivermectin saved my ass, along with the Wife's also.
Our medicine cabinet will always have that stuff in it from now on.
I bet if Steve was dying with Covid, he would try it, or maybe not !!

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Steve probably believes that the vaccinated cannot spread covid.

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Fringe Doctors’ Groups Promote Ivermectin for COVID despite a Lack of Evidence
The organizations touting unproved protocols for the antiparasitic drug may be harming vaccination efforts

Ivermectin has helped treat hundreds of millions of people and billions of pets and farm animals for parasitic diseases. Its discovery even garnered a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. But now several groups of doctors are encouraging and enabling people to take the drug off-label to treat or prevent COVID—despite a lack of solid evidence that it works against the disease and the fact that high doses can be harmful. In doing so, some experts believe these groups are undermining vaccination efforts.

The rest here - https://www.scientificamerican.com/...in-for-covid-despite-a-lack-of-evidence/


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Now the push in the US by the Demonrats is to get all 38 million kids aged 5-11 to get the liquid poison injected into them, even though they have strong immune systems, and don’t die from the flu! These Satanic demons that are behind this deadly fraud are psychopaths of the very worst kind. The evil Republi-can’ts are going along with this, with only a few of them resisting it

Last edited by Ruger4Life; 10/25/21. Reason: Add

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Regarding anything Redgwell has to say, on any subject, but especially this one:

Redgwell's comments x .25 = closer to the actual truth.


It is irrelevant what you think. What matters is the TRUTH.
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Are you going to hold your breath and stamp your feet?

It hurts when you hear the truth, doesn’t it?


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reminds of this parable

A guy, let's call him Steve, well he lives in an eastern province of Canada and fancies himself an educated fellah. See Steve never encountered any hardship in his life and was lucky enough to marry an attractive gal who had a history of banging basically any guy who walked within 50 feet of her. One fine post Covid day Steve's wife told him that the .303 was an ineffective round and ordered Steve to go turn in all of his cherished 303's to the local RCMP. Being the cuckholded husband he was, Steve immediately agreed and rushed to gather and bring his firearms to the police.

On the way home, after passing by multitudes of boarded up businesses, schools and churches, from the RCMP office Steve saw a big sign with a smiling Justin Trudeau telling its citizens to get their 11 th booster shot; a new requirement to the 4 page vaccination booklet. . Steve immediately became sexually aroused thinking of Justin's delicious needle penetrating his body. Steve hurriedly drove his car to the nearest Tim Hortons where they were giving the booster and a free Canadian maple donut. Upon receiving the shot Steve again became aroused imagining Justin Trudeau inside his body. flowing and filling up every empty space in his soul. In his aroused state Steve rushed home to have his monthly couple with his beautiful wife. Steve pulled into the driveway at such a high rate of speed he almost drove into his closed garage door. Still aroused by the Justin shot Steve left his vehicle in such a hurry he neglected to shut off the engine and left his door open.


Halfway through the front door Steve could hear squealing laughter, high pitched screams and groaning from the master bedroom. Steve thought for a second that the voices sounded male in their low timber. So Steve ran back to the bedroom and opened the door. Silhouetted against the closed bedroom curtains Steve could barely make out two muscular male figures; one standing and one kneeling next to his wife who was down on all fours. Steve backed up one step and flicked on the light switch and witnessed his wife engaged in a sexual act/felatio with a large Albertan oil worker and what looked like a bearded thin tall , but muscular, Somali refugee. In shock, but still aroused upon seeing the naked Somali man, Steve then heard his wife scream out "Don't believe your eyes and ears, I am not having sex and enjoying it with two young men in our bedroom". She added "Please leave" and then asked him to close the door .

With first a puzzled look that slowly morphed into smile Steve remarked " Well, that sounds perfectly reasonable" and left to get another booster shot. Life is good in Canada he thought

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Captivating short story ribka.

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Originally Posted by yukon254
Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer
Originally Posted by yukon254
Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer

Originally Posted by bushrat
Why not try ivermectin on cases where people are on ventilators and going downhill rapidly to an obvious death with nothing to lose. I'd be first in line if I were in that position.

That's the way it has been tested and it doesn't work when things are already headed South. It's too late for that type treatment.

Early on, it may have some efficacy. Waiting until Covid patients are on vents in the ICU isn't the time to do a study of Ivermectin or Hydroxychloroquine. And seems to me that's what has happened, just to "prove" that these treatments don't work. Of course they don't work in that scenario.

A better way to look at it is to study large populations like in Africa where HCQ is widely used for malaria and in South America where Ivermectin is widely used to treat parasites. Study those populations, take that data and statistically compare it to populations where these meds are not being used. You don't see much of that. They had to show that these vaccines were the ONLY solution in order to get the emergency designation for usage. Disingenuous exclusion of certain data that doesn't fit the narrative, IMO. What else is new.

DF


Actually there is are many cases now where ivermectin was used as a last ditch effort in an ICU setting and saved patients lives. Some of these cases have been pretty high profile where the families of the patients had to go to court to get a judge to order the doctors to prescribe ivermectin.

I’d say its highest and best use is earlier in the disease process.

It’s the intense inflammatory reaction, not so much the virus that kills. It’s the cytokine storm that’s so bad. Autopsy slides of Covid lung show an inflammatory picture, not so much a viral one. So, if ivermectin is effective blocking the virus from attaching to the ACE 2 sites on the cell, I’d think it’s effectiveness against overwhelming runaway inflammation may not be its ideal application.

DF


Ivermectin is a strong anti-inflammatory agent as well. Ive read where some have had success treating inflammatory disease like RA with it

Having anti-inflammatory properties is one thing.

Handling runaway inflammation as in a cytokine storm is another thing altogether. Once that process is well underway, the patient is all too often, "circling the drain" so to speak. Once in ICU on a vent, the stats aren't that good. You gotta attack the problem before it gets to that point.

The old advice, go home, take Tylenol and when you're sick enough, come to the hospital. IMO, that's where HCQ and Ivermectin may have had a role and when they should have been recommended. Then, testing those two once the patient is in ICU to "prove" they don't work is suspect, IMO. No treatment during a critical window of opportunity doesn't seem to make a lot of sense. But, I'm not a politician.

DF

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Well said Mr. DF.


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Vaccine myths and facts - Brought to you by the province of Alberta

Evidence is clear: Getting vaccinated is the best way to protect yourself, your loved ones, and your community by making it more difficult for the virus to spread from person to person.

It is much safer to get vaccinated than it is to get infected. Vaccines make our immune systems stronger by building antibodies to fight off disease. Because COVID-19 is a new virus, no one has pre-existing immunity.

Delaying or refusing vaccination carries serious risks. Albertans who are not fully vaccinated account for 80% of patients in hospital and 90% of patients in ICU with COVID-19. It may also extend the need for public health measures to continue.


Pour plus d'information/For more information, cliquer ici/click here - https://www.alberta.ca/covid19-vaccine-myths-and-facts.aspx


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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
Vaccine myths and facts - Brought to you by the province of Alberta

Evidence is clear: Getting vaccinated is the best way to protect yourself, your loved ones, and your community by making it more difficult for the virus to spread from person to person.

It is much safer to get vaccinated than it is to get infected. Vaccines make our immune systems stronger by building antibodies to fight off disease. Because COVID-19 is a new virus, no one has pre-existing immunity.

Delaying or refusing vaccination carries serious risks. Albertans who are not fully vaccinated account for 80% of patients in hospital and 90% of patients in ICU with COVID-19. It may also extend the need for public health measures to continue.


Pour plus d'information/For more information, cliquer ici/click here - https://www.alberta.ca/covid19-vaccine-myths-and-facts.aspx


The news pouring out of Israel should make you question that advice. I know to many fully vaccinated people who later got covid to buy into that load of nonsense. Its well accepted all over the world now that the vaccines efficacy wanes after just a few months. I have enough friends and family in Alberta who work on the front lines of health care to believe that 80% of patients hospitalized with covid are unvaccinated.

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Nope.


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Amazing to me the lengths that the “vaccinated” will go to, and the energy that they will expend to narcissistically defend their coerced decision to allow strangers to inject into their bodies an unknown, experimental substance, for which the existence of a supposed “virus” and the “cure” thereof has yet to be scientifically proven

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Baaaaa Baaaaa. Edk

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I got Moderna X 2, figuring the shot kills fewer people than the Rona.

After #2, I got shingles followed by Bell’s Palsy. So don’t think I’m doing a booster. But, I’m still on the green side of the grass.

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Most folks who handle livestock handle ivermectin.
We use liquid and paste, given orally or as a pour on.
and we protect ourselves from with gloves.
The stuff works systemically- through our skin.
Some of it get through the barrier as we use it.
So I am double vaxed and wormed.
Except , we need the bacteria in our lives and our gut. Not have sufficient bacteria is a health issue.
Y'know in my old veterinarian/ cures and potions included ingesting mercury and later on applying it to our wounds.
I now wonder if some wil discover that this toxic heavy metal cures stuff and also kills stuff. So can alcohol.
I should never ever get covid. I like my whiskey and clearly use this for medicinal purposes.
Maybe with this strategy , I will live forever .
Maybe, this will get some traction and begin a world wide following. Cheers to your good health , folks.

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Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer
I got Moderna X 2, figuring the shot kills fewer people than the Rona.

After #2, I got shingles followed by Bell’s Palsy. So don’t think I’m doing a booster. But, I’m still on the green side of the grass.

DF



The landowner where we hunt whitetails had the Moderna, and had the palsy for over 2 months. One of my best friend's brother had the Moderna, and also had the palsy but his only lasted 6 weeks. Glad you got over it DF.


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Originally Posted by eric123
Ivermectin played a big roll in helping myself and the Wife get over Covid.
That stuff will always be in the medicine cabinet from now on.


What dosage did you use?


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Originally Posted by Remington280
Originally Posted by eric123
Ivermectin played a big roll in helping myself and the Wife get over Covid.
That stuff will always be in the medicine cabinet from now on.


What dosage did you use?


Go to the FLCCC website. They have all the information you need there, if you're interested of course.

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Originally Posted by JGRaider
Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer
I got Moderna X 2, figuring the shot kills fewer people than the Rona.

After #2, I got shingles followed by Bell’s Palsy. So don’t think I’m doing a booster. But, I’m still on the green side of the grass.

DF



The landowner where we hunt whitetails had the Moderna, and had the palsy for over 2 months. One of my best friend's brother had the Moderna, and also had the palsy but his only lasted 6 weeks. Glad you got over it DF.

Bell's Palsy is something you read about subsequent to those injections. Shingles, not as often discussed, but can be an issue.

I got on aggressive antiviral therapy, kicked the shingles in a week or so.

Soon after, got Bell's Palsy. I went to my eye doc, because if you're not blinking, your cornea can dry out. And, that's not good.

He put me on a mega dose of steroids. My physical therapy pard, said come over here, I've got a protocol for that. He did dry needling, putting those tiny needles in the affected muscles with electrical stimulation for 30 min, three times a week. The old saying, "use it or lose it" is true. Those muscles can get flaccid and when the nerves come back, they're behind. Not mine. They were up and running and when innervation returned, they were good to go.

I was over Bell's Palsy in a week. My eye doc had never heard of dry needling flaccid muscles from Bell's Palsy, but seemed impressed. I told my P.T. bud that I was "pimping" his dry needling protocol to the eye doc.

I was fortunate to get over both of those problems in record time. Getting after those issues early and aggressively paid off.

A good friend has MS, his wife had Guillain Barre years ago, an ascending paralysis that she still has some residual effects from. Those two are not gonna get the shots, as they both have neurodegenerative issues. Don't blame them. No booster for me, I'm done.

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Originally Posted by Remington280
Originally Posted by eric123
Ivermectin played a big roll in helping myself and the Wife get over Covid.
That stuff will always be in the medicine cabinet from now on.


What dosage did you use?


This information has saved a lot of lives. I was talking to a doctor just yesterday from FL that has been using the protocol with great success for the last several months. History will be very generous to this group of brave doctors.

https://covid19criticalcare.com/wp-...Alliance-I-MASKplus-Protocol-ENGLISH.pdf

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Originally Posted by yukon254
Originally Posted by Remington280
Originally Posted by eric123
Ivermectin played a big roll in helping myself and the Wife get over Covid.
That stuff will always be in the medicine cabinet from now on.


What dosage did you use?


This information has saved a lot of lives. I was talking to a doctor just yesterday from FL that has been using the protocol with great success for the last several months. History will be very generous to this group of brave doctors.

https://covid19criticalcare.com/wp-...Alliance-I-MASKplus-Protocol-ENGLISH.pdf


Thanks


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I printed a copy.

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Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer
I printed a copy.

DF


I did the same thing.

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Google Dr Zelenko in NY. Jewish Family doc who’s treated a bunch of Rona patients. His protocol is similar.

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Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer
Google Dr Zelenko in NY. Jewish Family doc who’s treated a bunch of Rona patients. His protocol is similar.

DF


Yes he was one of the first to do so in the US. He was nominated for the nobel prize for it too. His success rates speak for themselves. Still amazing to me that some people are still believing the official narrative

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Originally Posted by ribka
reminds of this parable

A guy, let's call him Steve, well he lives in an eastern province of Canada and fancies himself an educated fellah. See Steve never encountered any hardship in his life and was lucky enough to marry an attractive gal who had a history of banging basically any guy who walked within 50 feet of her. One fine post Covid day Steve's wife told him that the .303 was an ineffective round and ordered Steve to go turn in all of his cherished 303's to the local RCMP. Being the cuckholded husband he was, Steve immediately agreed and rushed to gather and bring his firearms to the police.

On the way home, after passing by multitudes of boarded up businesses, schools and churches, from the RCMP office Steve saw a big sign with a smiling Justin Trudeau telling its citizens to get their 11 th booster shot; a new requirement to the 4 page vaccination booklet. . Steve immediately became sexually aroused thinking of Justin's delicious needle penetrating his body. Steve hurriedly drove his car to the nearest Tim Hortons where they were giving the booster and a free Canadian maple donut. Upon receiving the shot Steve again became aroused imagining Justin Trudeau inside his body. flowing and filling up every empty space in his soul. In his aroused state Steve rushed home to have his monthly couple with his beautiful wife. Steve pulled into the driveway at such a high rate of speed he almost drove into his closed garage door. Still aroused by the Justin shot Steve left his vehicle in such a hurry he neglected to shut off the engine and left his door open.


Halfway through the front door Steve could hear squealing laughter, high pitched screams and groaning from the master bedroom. Steve thought for a second that the voices sounded male in their low timber. So Steve ran back to the bedroom and opened the door. Silhouetted against the closed bedroom curtains Steve could barely make out two muscular male figures; one standing and one kneeling next to his wife who was down on all fours. Steve backed up one step and flicked on the light switch and witnessed his wife engaged in a sexual act/felatio with a large Albertan oil worker and what looked like a bearded thin tall , but muscular, Somali refugee. In shock, but still aroused upon seeing the naked Somali man, Steve then heard his wife scream out "Don't believe your eyes and ears, I am not having sex and enjoying it with two young men in our bedroom". She added "Please leave" and then asked him to close the door .

With first a puzzled look that slowly morphed into smile Steve remarked " Well, that sounds perfectly reasonable" and left to get another booster shot. Life is good in Canada he thought

That was good. Keep it up.


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^^^^^^^^, like Stevie Wonder !! ,among others, as well

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Aww...

You guys way to hard on poor ole Steve.

He's a good guy, OK even for a Canuck... grin

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Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer
Aww...

You guys way to hard on poor ole Steve.

He's a good guy, OK even for a Canuck... grin

DF


No.worries. They are just looking for attention. I don’t think they have any friends, so they are hoping that someone will talk to them. laugh

Case counts are slowly going down. The vaccine, masks and social distancing are working. Ontario is coming out of it at a slow but steady pace.


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Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer

Originally Posted by bushrat
Why not try ivermectin on cases where people are on ventilators and going downhill rapidly to an obvious death with nothing to lose. I'd be first in line if I were in that position.

That's the way it has been tested and it doesn't work when things are already headed South. It's too late for that type treatment.

Early on, it may have some efficacy. Waiting until Covid patients are on vents in the ICU isn't the time to do a study of Ivermectin or Hydroxychloroquine. And seems to me that's what has happened, just to "prove" that these treatments don't work. Of course they don't work in that scenario.

A better way to look at it is to study large populations like in Africa where HCQ is widely used for malaria and in South America where Ivermectin is widely used to treat parasites. Study those populations, take that data and statistically compare it to populations where these meds are not being used. You don't see much of that. They had to show that these vaccines were the ONLY solution in order to get the emergency designation for usage. Disingenuous exclusion of certain data that doesn't fit the narrative, IMO. What else is new.

DF


That’s my take on the Ivermectin and HCQ studies also.

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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell


Case counts are slowly going down. The vaccine, masks and social distancing are working. Ontario is coming out of it at a slow but steady pace.


Don't worry the counts will go back up soon. They're already predicting the 5th wave..

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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
Case counts are slowly going down. The vaccine, masks and social distancing are working.
Sure they are.


Patriotism (and religion) is the last refuge of a scoundrel.

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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell


Case counts are slowly going down. The vaccine, masks and social distancing are working. Ontario is coming out of it at a slow but steady pace.


Don't worry the counts will go back up soon. They're already predicting the 5th wave for Christmas.. They mentioned the 6th wave was scheduled for March.. Better get your toilet paper order in now. Just ordered a brand new 2024 truck, said it should arrive sometime around 2027. People have started hoarding Ivermectin, just got another 8 lb jug of it, harder to find than Varget.

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Here's the meta analysis of the current studies. Yup the data is overwhelming...

https://ivmmeta.com/

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Ivermectin is the new hydroxychloroquine, take 6: Incompetence and fraud everywhere!

Ivermectin is the new hydroxychloroquine, a drug repurposed for COVID-19 that almost certainly doesn’t work but is still being touted as a “miracle cure” by quacks, grifters, and political ideologues. Are the data supporting it all fraud?

David H. Gorski, MD, PhD, FACS is a surgical oncologist at the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute specializing in breast cancer surgery, where he also serves as the American College of Surgeons Committee on Cancer Liaison Physician as well as an Associate Professor of Surgery and member of the faculty of the Graduate Program in Cancer Biology at Wayne State University.

https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/iv...ake-6-incompetence-and-fraud-everywhere/


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Stevie wonder is back

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Heres the data again

https://ivmmeta.com/

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You still lose...again. Bad science and fakery. laugh


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https://www.technologyreview.com/20...eve-kirsch-covid-vaccine-misinformation/

Here’s what MIT says about Kirsch. Not good. Find reputable sources to support your argument.


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That's fine. They are personal beliefs of police officers. They are not doctors or scientists. I wish them well regardless.

As the old expression goes, "Talk amongst yourselves."

Good night.


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That wasn’t posted for you.

As the old expression goes, “You can lead an ass to water…”


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Well, there’s science and there’s Kool-Aid.

Sorting it out is the challenge, which is which.

To me, I have a built in anti “govt says” bias. Too many lies, smoke and mirrors. Can’t trust’em, ‘cause they generally are not trust worthy, haven’t earned our trust. Not the best track record.

So, there you have it. Do your research. Go with your gut.

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Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer
Well, there’s science and there’s Kool-Aid.

Sorting it out is the challenge, which is which.

To me, I have a built in anti “govt says” bias. Too many lies, smoke and mirrors. Can’t trust’em, ‘cause they generally are not trust worthy, haven’t earned our trust. Not the best track record.

So, there you have it. Do your research. Go with your gut.

DF


I agree there has been to many lies. I wouldnt want to be in Faucis boots. He's going to end up the scapegoat in all this. I believe he deserves everything thats coming his way, but there are many more who need to hang too.

The science on ivermectin and HCQ is overwhelming now. They cant stop it. Nebraska just opened the floodgates with its decision to allow doctors to prescribe both drugs at will. The FLCCC is flooded with calls from around the world. The "cat" is out of the bag and theres no putting it back in. Now that they have targeted children, things will get worse. The general public will not stand by and accept the adverse events that are going to happen. I've noticed a huge shift in public opinion since the vaccine mandates were announced here a week ago. A lot of people who chose to get the vax are not jumping on that bandwagon. Maybe that will turn into a 'step to far'. Time will tell but even the most dense understand a mandate makes no sense when the jab doesnt stop you from getting or spreading the virus...

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Originally Posted by yukon254
Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer
Well, there’s science and there’s Kool-Aid.

Sorting it out is the challenge, which is which.

To me, I have a built in anti “govt says” bias. Too many lies, smoke and mirrors. Can’t trust’em, ‘cause they generally are not trust worthy, haven’t earned our trust. Not the best track record.

So, there you have it. Do your research. Go with your gut.

DF


I agree there has been to many lies. I wouldnt want to be in Faucis boots. He's going to end up the scapegoat in all this. I believe he deserves everything thats coming his way, but there are many more who need to hang too.

The science on ivermectin and HCQ is overwhelming now. They cant stop it. Nebraska just opened the floodgates with its decision to allow doctors to prescribe both drugs at will. The FLCCC is flooded with calls from around the world. The "cat" is out of the bag and theres no putting it back in. Now that they have targeted children, things will get worse. The general public will not stand by and accept the adverse events that are going to happen. I've noticed a huge shift in public opinion since the vaccine mandates were announced here a week ago. A lot of people who chose to get the vax are not jumping on that bandwagon. Maybe that will turn into a 'step to far'. Time will tell but even the most dense understand a mandate makes no sense when the jab doesnt stop you from getting or spreading the virus...

That trend is moving at such a speed that they can't stop it, slow it or discredit it.

Not too unlike "Let's go Brandon"...... shocked

When people have enough, they have enough. Tipping point?

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And another doctor with a 100% success rate...

https://www.oann.com/covid-19-a-pandemic-of-misinformation/

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Another bogus source. OANN has no credibility. Are you that gullible?


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In this woke political climate, credibility seems to be running on a sliding scale, absolute truth need not apply.

One needs to be cautious with any source: WHO, NIH, CDC, the govt, etc. don't have a stellar track record.

I guess time will help sort it out, but in the meantime....

Buyer beware....

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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
Another bogus source. OANN has no credibility. Are you that gullible?



That's ^ like the pot calling the kettle black ! You lost all credibility long long ago. On every subject. Your comments are just like background noise to the vast majority on the fire.

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I find that funny coming from you.

Most of the world continues on fighting the pandemic. Governments, universities and medical science all have a hand in it. Most ordinary people do as well.

But you think the world is plotting against humanity. You recite a nonsensical line about conspiracies and attacks on a global level, but do not produce a single shred of credible evidence to support your claims. Despite your irresponsible accusations, the world’s scientific and medical community continue their work to protect you.

You do not seem to understand that pandemics last a couple of years or longer. You believe that science and medicine are acting aggressively to kill off homo sapiens. You believe that it’s all about money and power. You think this could have been solved a few weeks after COVID first appeared.

If you look around, you will see that vaccines and other treatments are being used to rein in COVID. Like many other viruses before, the scientific community is working hard to end this. They are doing a great job, despite knowing almost nothing about it two years ago.

No wonder certain segments of our society are fed up. Nurses, doctors and hospitals are dealing with the sick - not just COVID cases - and have to put up with protesters, and in some cases, physical attacks. They are insulted on social media as well.

You think it’s cool to post to a site like this and stir the pot. The suffering and death of millions doesn’t bother you.

Frankly, that’s repugnant.


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Steve Redgwell
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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
I find that funny coming from you.

Most of the world continues on fighting the pandemic. Governments, universities and medical science all have a hand in it. Most ordinary people do as well.

But you think the world is plotting against humanity. You recite a nonsensical line about conspiracies and attacks on a global level, but do not produce a single shred of credible evidence to support your claims. Despite your irresponsible accusations, the world’s scientific and medical community continue their work to protect you.

You do not seem to understand that pandemics last a couple of years or longer. You believe that science and medicine are acting aggressively to kill off homo sapiens. You believe that it’s all about money and power. You think this could have been solved a few weeks after COVID first appeared.

If you look around, you will see that vaccines and other treatments are being used to rein in COVID. Like many other viruses before, the scientific community is working hard to end this. They are doing a great job, despite knowing almost nothing about it two years ago.

No wonder certain segments of our society are fed up. Nurses, doctors and hospitals are dealing with the sick - and not just COVID cases - and have to put up with protesters, and in some cases, physical attacks. They are insulted in social media as well.

You think it’s cool to post to a site like this and stir the pot. The suffering and death of millions doesn’t bother you.

Frankly, that’s repugnant.


I will throw that right back at you. The suffering does bother me. It obviously doesnt bother you, or you're not smart enough to see whats happening all around you. My guess is the latter. Ivermectin works. Period; and its widespread use could have saved hundreds of thousands. Thats what bothers me. I've worked as a first responder throughout the scamdemic. What have you done ? Sat in front of your computer all day obviously.

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Attempting to change the subject will not work.

Society is changing the rules to fight this, as they have done in the past. Get used to it.


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Steve Redgwell
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Mortality rate is less than .5% now, do people honestly think this is about a virus ...??

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old hysterical queen living in fear and the cult of ignorance.


Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
I find that funny coming from you.

Most of the world continues on fighting the pandemic. Governments, universities and medical science all have a hand in it. Most ordinary people do as well.

But you think the world is plotting against humanity. You recite a nonsensical line about conspiracies and attacks on a global level, but do not produce a single shred of credible evidence to support your claims. Despite your irresponsible accusations, the world’s scientific and medical community continue their work to protect you.

You do not seem to understand that pandemics last a couple of years or longer. You believe that science and medicine are acting aggressively to kill off homo sapiens. You believe that it’s all about money and power. You think this could have been solved a few weeks after COVID first appeared.

If you look around, you will see that vaccines and other treatments are being used to rein in COVID. Like many other viruses before, the scientific community is working hard to end this. They are doing a great job, despite knowing almost nothing about it two years ago.

No wonder certain segments of our society are fed up. Nurses, doctors and hospitals are dealing with the sick - not just COVID cases - and have to put up with protesters, and in some cases, physical attacks. They are insulted on social media as well.

You think it’s cool to post to a site like this and stir the pot. The suffering and death of millions doesn’t bother you.

Frankly, that’s repugnant.

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Originally Posted by yukon254
And another doctor with a 100% success rate...

https://www.oann.com/covid-19-a-pandemic-of-misinformation/


of course. Its been used over 40 years on millions of Sick Africans and East Asians to fight viral diseases and has saved millions of lives.

Does Steve even know the difference between bacteria and a virus?

dengue fever. yep

https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(21)00606-8/pdf


Abstract
Ivermectin proposes many potentials effects to treat a range of diseases, with its antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties as a wonder drug. It is highly effective against many microorganisms including some viruses. In this comprehensive systematic review, antiviral effects of ivermectin are summarized including in vitro and in vivo studies over the past 50 years. Several studies reported antiviral effects of ivermectin on RNA viruses such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Hendra, Newcastle, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, chikungunya, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, Avian influenza A, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Furthermore, there are some studies showing antiviral effects of ivermectin against DNA viruses such as Equine herpes type 1, BK polyomavirus, pseudorabies, porcine circovirus 2, and bovine herpesvirus 1. Ivermectin plays a role in several biological mechanisms, therefore it could serve as a potential candidate in the treatment of a wide range of viruses including COVID-19 as well as other types of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. In vivo studies of animal models revealed a broad range of antiviral effects of ivermectin, however, clinical trials are necessary to appraise the potential efficacy of ivermectin in clinical setting.



In a recently published in vitro study, researchers evaluated the effects of ivermectin on various cell lines infected with the ZIKV. The cells were infected with the ZIKV strain MR766 virus and in the 12 h post infection (HPI) exposed to a concentration of 20 μM ivermectin. Researchers showed that nonstructural protein 5 (NS5), which is essential for viral RNA replication, requires both β1 nuclear localization signal (NLS) and α/β NLS. Ivermectin also caused effective NS5 nuclear inhibition, so that after 7 h of treatment, a 60% reduction in NS5 levels was observed in the nucleus [19]. These findings are similar to some other studies [20, 21] that showed ivermectin inhibits the proliferation of dengue virus (DENV) by blocking NS5 interaction with IMP α/β transporter.

In a recently published in vivo and in vitro study, the effects of synthetic nanoparticle ivermectin (T-Fc-IVM-NP) were assessed on the ZIKV. In this study, human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) and Balb/c Albino female mice were used. The results revealed that T-Fc-IVM-NP reduced NS1 protein expression, thus it could be a safe therapeutic against ZIKV [22].

The researchers found that the drug could cross the intestinal epithelial barrier after oral administration and reach a suitable concentration in the blood, while drug toxicity was reduced in epithelial cells and no liver toxicity was seen. Also, the study found a reduction in the expression of the NS1 protein in the ZIKV and concluded that the drug could be used as a safe treatment for the virus. Besides, in vitro evaluations showed that the drug did not cross the placental barrier and had temperature-dependent stability [22].

In an in vitro study [23], infected Vero cells by ZIKV with the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of one, 2 HPI were treated with ivermectin, and cell supernatant was analyzed quantitatively 22 h later using plaque assay and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-q PCR), for virus production and proliferation, respectively.

Results revealed that ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of ZIKV with EC50 of 1–2 µM and ivermectin was not cytotoxic at the concentrations used. The researchers showed that ivermectin can dissociate IMP α/β1 heterodimer. Ivermectin was able to directly bind to IMPα armadillo connect repeat domain of IMPα and change structure/conformation, and this could be the basis for inhibited binding to IMPβ1. They concluded that ivermectin in a cell context could inhibit recognition by IMPα of NLS-containing proteins such as NS5. This study for the first time showed that ivermectin inhibits NLS recognition/nuclear targeting. The ability to inhibit IMPα-NLS binding in the cellular context was first demonstrated in this study using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation system. Ivermectin IMP α/β inhibitory mode of action has been confirmed previously [23, 24].

Dengue virus, yellow fever virus (YFV), and West Nile virus (WNV)
Kylie et al. in an in vitro study on infected human cervical adenocarcinoma cells (Hela) showed that ivermectin in high concentrations (25–50 µM) has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of DENV, a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, the genus Flavivirus, the Flaviviridae family. It does this by inhibiting the transfer of viral proteins between the host cell cytoplasm and its nucleus, which is dependent on IMP α/β1. The researchers showed that ivermectin inhibited the nuclear aggregation of NS5 of DENV [21].


In another in vitro study of the flavivirus family, YFV, WNV, and DENV, the researchers found that ivermectin exerted its inhibitory effect by inhibiting the NS3 helicase domain and had no effect on the ATPase activity of helicase domains. In this study, ivermectin showed a stronger inhibitory effect on YFV and, to a lesser extent, inhibited the proliferation of WNV and DENV. The researchers confirmed that ivermectin exerts its effect against dsRNA unwinding activity by acting on the flavivirus helicase enzyme. The fact that ivermectin did not affect the helicase-associated ATPase activity seems to be good because ATP is a key nucleotide in host cell metabolism. Ivermectin inhibited the flaviviral NS3 helicase, which mediates the RNA binding and unwinding mechanisms. The authors concluded that ivermectin acts as a highly specific inhibitor of intracellular viral RNA synthesis by targeting the activity of NS3 helicase in flaviviruses. In this study, the addition of drug before the first 14 h of entry of the virus into the cell showed a stronger antiviral effect against the YFV and this effect decreased significantly after the onset of intracellular RNA synthesis. It may be concluded that ivermectin could be effective in the early stages of infection and maybe a recommended drug for the prevention or treatment of early stages of viral infection, rather than advanced forms. Of course, confirmation of this statement requires further human studies and clinical trials [25].

In another study on four specific serotypes of DENV, results of treated infected Huh-7 cells with the ivermectin revealed its inhibitory effect on the IMP α/β -mediated nuclear import. The authors cited the potential role of ivermectin as an antiviral drug in the treatment of DENV [20]. In an in vitro study of Vero cells infected with DENV stock: DENV2, New Guinea C strain, cells were exposed to 1–25 µM of ivermectin 3 h before infection. A review of confocal laser scanning microscopy results revealed a significant NS5 protein in the cell cytoplasm. This finding suggests the transfer of NS5 via IMP α/β, which was inhibited by ivermectin. Likewise, a significant reduction in nuclear accumulation of the green fluorescent protein aggregation (GFP)-NS5 was detected. Finally, the researchers showed a high and direct tendency of NS5 to IMPα /β [26]. In another study on human Huh-7 cells infected with DENV 1, DENV2, or DENV2 virus mouse-adapted S221 strain, a fivefold reduction was seen in half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of ivermectin while using liposomal systems as its nanocarriers, while the antiviral activity of the drug was significantly preserved [27].

In an in vitro study on DENV2 infected Vero cells with MOI of one, following 2 HPI the infected cells were treated with ivermectin, and cell supernatant was analyzed quantitatively 22 h later using plaque assay and RT-q PCR, for virus production and proliferation, respectively. Results revealed that ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of DENV2 (New Guinea C), with EC50 of 0.5 µM and it was not cytotoxic at the concentrations used [23]. A phase III clinical trial in Thailand has been registered against DENV infection in which a single daily oral dose of ivermectin was declared to be safe, however, the final results [15] are not published yet.

Hendra virus (HEV)
In an in vitro study, researchers examined the effectiveness of ivermectin on HEV, a Henipavirus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. The main pathogenicity of this virus is partly due to its ability to inhibit the host type-one interferon response by producing the polycistronic p gene. In this study, researchers showed that HEV moves dynamically between the nucleus and the cytoplasm through the IMP α1. The study found that ivermectin inhibited HEV infection in mammalian cells and even reduced the virus by five times in a non-optimized single dose of 10 µM, without drug cytotoxicity. The researchers concluded that ivermectin could be effective in treating HEV infection by inhibiting the transmission of the virus by IMP α1/β1 [28].

Newcastle virus
In another in vitro and in vivo study, Azeem et al. studied the cytotoxicity of ivermectin and its potential antiviral effect on Newcastle virus, a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus from the paramyxoviridae family, on chick primary fibroblast cell line and 9-day-old chick embryo, respectively. In this study, ivermectin was tested at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg ml−1, and results revealed that the drug at 100 μg ml−1 or above had cytotoxic effects. However, it was safe at concentrations of 50 μg ml−1 or less, drug cytotoxicity was not observed and a moderate to poor antiviral activity was noted [29].

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)
Lundberg et al. evaluated the efficacy of ivermectin as an inhibitor of import α/β1, in cells infected with VEEV. It is an enveloped, non-segmented, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus from the Alphavirus genus, Togaviridae family. The drug reduced nuclear-associated capsid, virus titer, and cytopathic effects (CPE) caused by the virus. Although a limited reduction in virus replication was observed, this was not significant [30].

Based on previous study results, for the first time in an in vitro study, researchers investigated the effect of ivermectin on VEE C using in silico structure-based drug design. Results showed a reduction in viral replication, besides reduction in nuclear accumulation of capsid protein (Cap) in infected cells. In this study, which used VEEVC virus-infected Vero cells, the effect of ivermectin was examined along with two other drugs. In the concentration of 1 µM, ivermectin reduced the titer of the virus to a lesser extent than the other two drugs and researchers found that the antiviral mode of action of drugs was through the IMP α/β1: C NLS interaction [31].

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and Sindbis virus (SINV)
In the study of baby hamster kidney cells or BHK-21 cell line infected with CHIKV which is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus from the Alphavirus genus in Togaviridae family, ivermectin inhibited viral infection and eliminated the luciferase signal without significant drug toxicity (P value < 0.001) [32].

Also, in both infected BHK-21 cell line and human hepatocellular Huh-7.5, luciferase was measured 16 and 18 h later, respectively, and the results showed a dramatic decrease in virus replication in human hepatocellular Huh-7.5 cells. The results also showed that ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of both positive-strand and negative-strand RNA production. A strong decrease in virus protein expression was observed in infected cells, even at a high MOI. In this paper, ivermectin was very effective in inhibiting virus production compared with untreated specimens with ~4 logs as a potent antiviral inhibitor. Also, ivermectin, when used between 1.5 h before and at the time of infection, reduced the SFV titer by 2.3 logs in infected compared with noninfected cells but did not show a similar effect at later time points. Similar to the CHIKV infected cells, ivermectin gradually lost its effectiveness when added to later time points. However, when it was added before or at the same time of infection, it inhibited virus titers by 2 logs [32]. Again, as stated in previous studies [25], it can be concluded that ivermectin administration may be effective in the early stages of infection and could be recommended for the prevention or treatment of early stages of viral infection, rather than advanced forms. Of course, confirmation of this statement requires human studies and clinical trials.

In the same study [32], treatment with ivermectin in cells infected with other alphaviruses, including SFV and SINV, reduced virus production compared with noninfected cells. Ivermectin treatment also showed an inhibitory effect on the virus by reducing virus titers by 4 logs in YFV. All of these findings suggest a strong antiviral effect of ivermectin, as it has been able to effectively reduce viral RNA synthesis, viral RNA protein expression, and mature virion formation in infected cells with CHIKV. The authors concluded that ivermectin effect was due to its inhibitory property on two alphaviruses, including SFV and SINV, as well as its stronger inhibitory effect on YFV.

Avian influenza A virus
In an in vitro study using chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cells infected with Avian influenza A virus, which is a negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA virus from the Orthomyxoviridae family, treatment with 10 µM ivermectin completely prevented the nuclear transmission of different types of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes [33].

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV)
In another in vitro study of the antiviral effect of ivermectin in sub-cytotoxic doses on cultured porcine alveolar macrophage cells infected with PRRSV which is an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus from the Arteriviridae family, the cells were exposed to concentrations of 1–15 µM ivermectin 1 h before infection as well as during the entire course of viral infection. The inhibitory effect of ivermectin on virus propagation was evident, and ivermectin significantly reduced the CPE caused by the virus and the expression of the virus gene in a dose-dependent manner. At its highest dose, 15 µM, ivermectin caused a significant reduction in virus-infected cells, with a maximum inhibition of 95%. In this study, the effective dose of the drug that inhibits 50% of viral infections (ED50) was 6.7 µM, and the authors concluded that ivermectin effectively inhibited the proliferation of the PRRSV virus. The effect of ivermectin on reducing virus production decreased with time of infection, so that in a dose of 15 µM of the drug in 1 h before infection, simultaneously with infection, and 1, 2, 4, and 12 HPI the virus production decreased from 80 to 42%. In 24 HPI, no significant change in PRRSV propagation was observed. Based on these findings, the authors concluded that ivermectin, as an antiviral drug, is effective in initiating viral infection. Ivermectin caused a significant reduction in virus titer, indicating that the drug inhibited the optimal release of progeny virus from the natural host cell, but it did not inhibit the virus entry process. The strong inhibitory effect of ivermectin on the intracellular expression of PRRSV N protein, which resulted in a 90% reduction in its expression, indicates ivermectin’s specific function against viral protein translation during virus replication. The amount of PRRSV N protein in the nucleus of infected cells treated with ivermectin did not change significantly, which indicates the inability of the drug to inhibit nuclear/nucleolar localization of N. The drug also had an inhibitory effect on genomic RNA and subgenomic mRNA. The researchers acknowledged that ivermectin may impair the optimal synthesis of viral RNA by exerting its effect on the nonstructural protein 10 helicase, which has ATP-dependent helicase activity in the PRRSV virus, but more studies are needed to prove this hypothesis [34].

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1
HIV-1 is a single-stranded RNA virus, belonged to the genus Lentivirus within the family of Retroviridae. In an in vitro study, the researchers evaluated the effects of ivermectin as an inhibitor of HIV-1 nuclear protein transfer. The results showed that ivermectin reduced the NLS-containing protein binding by IMP α/β and inhibited this interaction at low concentrations (the half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]: 4.8 µM). Ivermectin significantly reduced nuclear accumulation GFP-IN by P value = 0.003 compared with the untreated control group and also significantly reduced (P value < 0001) nuclear accumulation of GFP-tagged Op-T-NLS fusion protein. However, this study showed that ivermectin failed to control the nuclear accumulation of telomer repeat factor-1 (GFP-TRF) as IMPβ1 is the only way to transfer it to the cell nucleus. Researchers concluded that ivermectin is not a specific inhibitor for IN -IMP α/β interaction, but it appears to be a specific inhibitor of cargos that are dependent on heterodimer to be transferred to the nucleus. The study concluded that ivermectin is a nuclear transport inhibitor via IMPα/β, but does not affect the nuclear transfer via IMPβ1 alone, and also ivermectin completely inhibits nuclear import of the active integrase protein of HIV-1 as a critical component of the preintegration complex [35].

Kylie et al. in a study on infected human cervical adenocarcinoma cells (Hela) showed that ivermectin in high concentrations (25–50 µM) has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HIV-1. It does this by inhibiting the transfer of viral proteins between the host cell cytoplasm and its nucleus, which is dependent on IMP α/β1. The researchers showed that ivermectin inhibited the nuclear aggregation of HIV-1 integrase [21].

The antiviral effects of ivermectin on DNA viruses
Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1)
A number of studies examined the antiviral effects of ivermectin on some DNA viruses. In an in vitro study of primary murine neurons infected with two different strains of EHV-1, which is a double-stranded DNA virus, ivermectin with different concentrations had no effect on strain Rac-H proliferation but reduced the proliferation of strain Jan-E. These findings suggest that different strains of EHV-1 use different receptors to enter the nucleus. Also, because ivermectin only inhibited the proliferation of strain Jan-E, further studies are needed to investigate the antiviral effect of ivermectin on this virus. The study’s finding suggests the role of IMP α/β besides other receptors involved in nuclear import in the EHV-1 [36].

Pseudorabies virus (PRV)
Lv et al. examined the antiviral effect of ivermectin on an enveloped double-stranded DNA-based swine virus called PRV, which is a member of the alpha-herpesviridae subfamily [37]. The virus causes lifelong infection in pigs, and its DNA polymerase enzyme is made up of two subunits called UL30 and UL42 [38, 39].

The UL42 subunit is found to have IMP-α/β-mediated bipartite NLS that transfers both subunits into the cell nucleus [39]. Examination of infected hamster kidney cells (BHK-21 cells) showed that ivermectin did not produce cytotoxic effects at concentrations <3 µM. But with increasing the drug concentrations to 5 µM, the cells showed drug cytotoxic effects as a sharp decrease in cell activity. The CPE of viral infection were seen in untreated cells 24 HPI and in cells treated with 0.5 µM ivermectin in 48 HPI. In 72 HPI, mild CPE were seen in infected cells treated with 1.5 or 2.5 µM ivermectin, indicating a delayed proliferation of the virus. In this study, ivermectin did not inhibit PRV adsorption in cells because the virus titers were the same in different groups. However, adding ivermectin after infection reduced the number of plaques and virus titers. Ivermectin inhibited the entry of DNA polymerase accessory subunit UL42 into the nucleus, so that with increasing the drug concentrations, less UL42 was observed in the nucleus by the western blot method. Although ivermectin inhibited the transfer of UL42 to the nucleus through the NLS, it did not reduce UL42 expression in the cytoplasm. In the virus-infected mice model, ivermectin significantly reduced viral loads in the brain and kidney of all animals, and this reduction was more significant in the kidneys, the main organ involved in ivermectin metabolism. In addition to declining virus titers in the organs of the animal, their clinical scores and mortality decreased as the drug concentration increased. Finally, the researchers concluded that ivermectin could be used as a potential antiviral drug against PRV [37].

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)
As mentioned earlier, a study of Wagstaff et al. [21] showed that ivermectin was able to specifically inhibit the nuclear transfer pathway through IMP α/β [36]. Based on this mechanism, Bennet et al. investigated the effect of ivermectin on BKPyV, a non-enveloped small double-stranded DNA virus and a member of the Polyomaviridae family, in infected renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. A qualitative study using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method after treating infected cells with 10 µM ivermectin, showed a decrease in the levels of the early protein large T Antigen mRNA, indicating a decrease in viral gene expression due to inhibition of nucleus entry. This inhibitory effect of ivermectin indicates that polyomavirus has access to the nucleus through active nuclear pore complex transfer [40].

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)
The inhibitory effect of ivermectin on virus proliferation was investigated in PK-15 cells infected with PCV2, a circular single-strand DNA virus from the Circoviridae family. The results showed that ivermectin at concentrations of 50 or 100 μg ml−1 did not have cytotoxic effects at 24 or 48 h after treatment, but at concentration of 200 μg ml−1 cell viability reduced significantly (P value ≤ 0.05). Also in the first 24 HPI, ivermectin reduced the viral load by 41% and 28.2%, at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg ml−1, respectively. However, in the 48 HPI, ivermectin reduced viral load by 28.8% and 15.7%, respectively, at the same concentrations, indicating a decrease in drug efficacy in later time points [41], as was pointed out in previous studies on antiviral effects of ivermectin [25, 32].

Also in infected PK-15 cells, ivermectin reduced the expression of viral Cap, which has an NLS to enter the nucleus of an infected cell. Addition of ivermectin to the culture medium significantly reduced the number of virus-infected cells and following treatment, Cap caused by PCV2 infection was detected only in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleus [41].

Infected piglets treated with ivermectin showed a significant decrease (P value ≤ 0.05) in viremia and viral loads in tissues. In the study of inguinal lymph nodes (ILNs) in infected piglets treated with ivermectin, the observed lesions were milder and there was a clear difference in the number of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and the intensity of infiltration of the histiocytes [41].

Integrated optical density analysis of the PCV2 virus showed a significant decrease in viral signals in ILNs (P value ≤ 0.05) following treatment with ivermectin. Finally, the authors concluded that ivermectin inhibits the entry of Cap and the NLS of Cap in ILNs into the nucleus, which confirms the effect of drug on the NLS-mediated nuclear import pathway [41].

Bovine herpesvirus 1 virus (BoHV-1)
In another study on Madin–Darby bovine kidney cells infected with the BoHV-1, a large, enveloped and double-stranded DNA virus from the Herpesviridae family, ivermectin decreased UL42 nuclear transmission by inhibiting IMP α/β-dependent nuclear transfer and reduced virus replication in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that UL42 was dependent on IMP α/β for nuclear transfer. 25 µM ivermectin reduced the virus titer by 4 logs and inhibited virion production by ~44%, but had no effect on cell viability in the studied doses. Also, ivermectin had no effect on the binding and entry of the virus into the host cell [42].

Conclusion
In this systematic review, we showed antiviral effects of ivermectin on a broad range of RNA and DNA viruses by reviewing all related evidences since 1970. This study presents the possibility that ivermectin could be a useful antiviral agent in several viruses including those with positive-sense single-stranded RNA, in similar fashion. Since significant effectiveness of ivermectin is seen in the early stages of infection in experimental studies, it is proposed that ivermectin administration may be effective in the early stages or prevention. Of course, confirmation of this statement requires human studies and clinical trials.

Ivermectin, owing to its antiviral activity, may play a pivotal role in several essential biological processes, therefore it could serve as a potential candidate in the treatment of different types of viruses including COVID-19. Clinical trials are necessary to appraise the effects of ivermectin on COVID-19 in clinical setting and this warrants additional investigation for probable benefits in humans in the current and future pandemics. On April 10, 2020, FDA issued a statement concerning self-administration of ivermectin against COVID-19 [43] referring to recently published in vitro study on this subject [15]. FDA highlighted that this type of in vitro study is usually used in the early stages of drug development. Moreover, further trials are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of ivermectin for human use against COVID-19 to discover preventive or therapeutic window [43].

As noted, the activity of ivermectin in cell culture has not reproduced in mouse infection models against many of the viruses and has not been clinically proven either, in spite of ivermectin being available globally. This is likely related to the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic safety window for ivermectin. The blood levels of ivermectin at safe therapeutic doses are in the 20–80 ng/ml range [44], while the activity against SARS-CoV2 in cell culture is in the microgram range. Ivermectin is administered orally or topically. If safe formulations or analogs can be derived that can be administered to achieve therapeutic concentrations, ivermectin could be useful as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent.

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Author information
Affiliations
Head of Ophthalmology Division, Taleghani Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Fatemeh Heidary

Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Reza Gharebaghi

International Virtual Ophthalmic Research Center (IVORC), Austin, TX, USA
Reza Gharebaghi

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Correspondence to Fatemeh Heidary or Reza Gharebaghi.

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Heidary, F., Gharebaghi, R. Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen. J Antibiot 73, 593–602 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41429-020-0336-z

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Further reading
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Last edited by ribka; 10/27/21.
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Here are some numbers not in dispute.

In approximately 2 1/2 years, from 1941 to 1944, 407,300 US servicemen died fighting for freedom in WWII.

In 19 months, over 760,000 people have died from COVID in the US. That's almost twice the number that died in WWII, in half the time.


Safe Shooting!
Steve Redgwell
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Nah, it’s not widely studied, isn’t effective and is potentially dangerous.

Sure. wink

DF

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ribka: It is sort of amusing to stir sycophant Steve up a little but I can promise he is not going to entertain any idea not approved by the masters in Ottawa and Washington D.C. He has spent a career in the Canadian Army and all he knows is "yes sir". Doesn't matter how stupid or ill thought out the order is. If he had been on a horse during the charge of the light brigade he would have ridden right into those Russian cannon. That's not courage or loyalty, it's stupidity and to be an educated man he is stupid.


Patriotism (and religion) is the last refuge of a scoundrel.

Jesus: "Take heed that no man deceive you."
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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
Here are some numbers not in dispute.
In approximately 2 1/2 years, from 1941 to 1944, 407,300 US servicemen died fighting for freedom in WWII.
In 19 months, over 760,000 people have died from COVID in the US. That's almost twice the number that died in WWII, in half the time.
You don't believe that figure of 760,000 but let's say it is true. How many you reckon got a dose of Ivermectin at the early onset when it would have helped? How many were told go home and come back when your oxygen is so low you have to be carried in?


Patriotism (and religion) is the last refuge of a scoundrel.

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Your attempts to provoke an argument are silly.
---

Here are some numbers not in dispute.

From 1941 to 1944, in approximately 2 1/2 years, 407,300 US servicemen died fighting for freedom in WWII.

In 19 months, over 760,000 people have died from COVID in the US. That's almost twice the number that died in WWII, in half the time. We honour the fallen. We are saddened by their passing. I think the 760,000 should be remembered as well.


Safe Shooting!
Steve Redgwell
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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
Your attempts to provoke an argument are silly.
---

Here are some numbers not in dispute.

From 1941 to 1944, in approximately 2 1/2 years, 407,300 US servicemen died fighting for freedom in WWII.

In 19 months, over 760,000 people have died from COVID in the US. That's almost twice the number that died in WWII, in half the time. We honour the fallen. We are saddened by their passing. I think the 760,000 should be remembered as well.


You sir have some serious issues. Certainly glad you don't live anywhere near me. You cant even engage in an intelligent conversation on any subject. in case you dont know what a Meta Analysis is, I suggest you look it up. This has already been done on the use of ivermectin for covid -19 by some brilliant people. The conclusion is that its statistically impossible for the studies to be wrong. Ivermectin works for covid, as does HCQ. The scientific data proves it beyond any doubt. Your childish behaviour wont change those facts.

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Redgwell is a liberal cuck.

-BobBrown


Originally Posted by 16penny
If you put Taco Bell sauce in your ramen noodles it tastes just like poverty
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Originally Posted by ribka
Originally Posted by yukon254
And another doctor with a 100% success rate...

https://www.oann.com/covid-19-a-pandemic-of-misinformation/


of course. Its been used over 40 years on millions of Sick Africans and East Asians to fight viral diseases and has saved millions of lives.

Does Steve even know the difference between bacteria and a virus?

dengue fever. yep

https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(21)00606-8/pdf


Abstract
Ivermectin proposes many potentials effects to treat a range of diseases, with its antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties as a wonder drug. It is highly effective against many microorganisms including some viruses. In this comprehensive systematic review, antiviral effects of ivermectin are summarized including in vitro and in vivo studies over the past 50 years. Several studies reported antiviral effects of ivermectin on RNA viruses such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Hendra, Newcastle, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, chikungunya, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, Avian influenza A, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Furthermore, there are some studies showing antiviral effects of ivermectin against DNA viruses such as Equine herpes type 1, BK polyomavirus, pseudorabies, porcine circovirus 2, and bovine herpesvirus 1. Ivermectin plays a role in several biological mechanisms, therefore it could serve as a potential candidate in the treatment of a wide range of viruses including COVID-19 as well as other types of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. In vivo studies of animal models revealed a broad range of antiviral effects of ivermectin, however, clinical trials are necessary to appraise the potential efficacy of ivermectin in clinical setting.



In a recently published in vitro study, researchers evaluated the effects of ivermectin on various cell lines infected with the ZIKV. The cells were infected with the ZIKV strain MR766 virus and in the 12 h post infection (HPI) exposed to a concentration of 20 μM ivermectin. Researchers showed that nonstructural protein 5 (NS5), which is essential for viral RNA replication, requires both β1 nuclear localization signal (NLS) and α/β NLS. Ivermectin also caused effective NS5 nuclear inhibition, so that after 7 h of treatment, a 60% reduction in NS5 levels was observed in the nucleus [19]. These findings are similar to some other studies [20, 21] that showed ivermectin inhibits the proliferation of dengue virus (DENV) by blocking NS5 interaction with IMP α/β transporter.

In a recently published in vivo and in vitro study, the effects of synthetic nanoparticle ivermectin (T-Fc-IVM-NP) were assessed on the ZIKV. In this study, human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) and Balb/c Albino female mice were used. The results revealed that T-Fc-IVM-NP reduced NS1 protein expression, thus it could be a safe therapeutic against ZIKV [22].

The researchers found that the drug could cross the intestinal epithelial barrier after oral administration and reach a suitable concentration in the blood, while drug toxicity was reduced in epithelial cells and no liver toxicity was seen. Also, the study found a reduction in the expression of the NS1 protein in the ZIKV and concluded that the drug could be used as a safe treatment for the virus. Besides, in vitro evaluations showed that the drug did not cross the placental barrier and had temperature-dependent stability [22].

In an in vitro study [23], infected Vero cells by ZIKV with the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of one, 2 HPI were treated with ivermectin, and cell supernatant was analyzed quantitatively 22 h later using plaque assay and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-q PCR), for virus production and proliferation, respectively.

Results revealed that ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of ZIKV with EC50 of 1–2 µM and ivermectin was not cytotoxic at the concentrations used. The researchers showed that ivermectin can dissociate IMP α/β1 heterodimer. Ivermectin was able to directly bind to IMPα armadillo connect repeat domain of IMPα and change structure/conformation, and this could be the basis for inhibited binding to IMPβ1. They concluded that ivermectin in a cell context could inhibit recognition by IMPα of NLS-containing proteins such as NS5. This study for the first time showed that ivermectin inhibits NLS recognition/nuclear targeting. The ability to inhibit IMPα-NLS binding in the cellular context was first demonstrated in this study using the bimolecular fluorescence complementation system. Ivermectin IMP α/β inhibitory mode of action has been confirmed previously [23, 24].

Dengue virus, yellow fever virus (YFV), and West Nile virus (WNV)
Kylie et al. in an in vitro study on infected human cervical adenocarcinoma cells (Hela) showed that ivermectin in high concentrations (25–50 µM) has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of DENV, a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus, the genus Flavivirus, the Flaviviridae family. It does this by inhibiting the transfer of viral proteins between the host cell cytoplasm and its nucleus, which is dependent on IMP α/β1. The researchers showed that ivermectin inhibited the nuclear aggregation of NS5 of DENV [21].


In another in vitro study of the flavivirus family, YFV, WNV, and DENV, the researchers found that ivermectin exerted its inhibitory effect by inhibiting the NS3 helicase domain and had no effect on the ATPase activity of helicase domains. In this study, ivermectin showed a stronger inhibitory effect on YFV and, to a lesser extent, inhibited the proliferation of WNV and DENV. The researchers confirmed that ivermectin exerts its effect against dsRNA unwinding activity by acting on the flavivirus helicase enzyme. The fact that ivermectin did not affect the helicase-associated ATPase activity seems to be good because ATP is a key nucleotide in host cell metabolism. Ivermectin inhibited the flaviviral NS3 helicase, which mediates the RNA binding and unwinding mechanisms. The authors concluded that ivermectin acts as a highly specific inhibitor of intracellular viral RNA synthesis by targeting the activity of NS3 helicase in flaviviruses. In this study, the addition of drug before the first 14 h of entry of the virus into the cell showed a stronger antiviral effect against the YFV and this effect decreased significantly after the onset of intracellular RNA synthesis. It may be concluded that ivermectin could be effective in the early stages of infection and maybe a recommended drug for the prevention or treatment of early stages of viral infection, rather than advanced forms. Of course, confirmation of this statement requires further human studies and clinical trials [25].

In another study on four specific serotypes of DENV, results of treated infected Huh-7 cells with the ivermectin revealed its inhibitory effect on the IMP α/β -mediated nuclear import. The authors cited the potential role of ivermectin as an antiviral drug in the treatment of DENV [20]. In an in vitro study of Vero cells infected with DENV stock: DENV2, New Guinea C strain, cells were exposed to 1–25 µM of ivermectin 3 h before infection. A review of confocal laser scanning microscopy results revealed a significant NS5 protein in the cell cytoplasm. This finding suggests the transfer of NS5 via IMP α/β, which was inhibited by ivermectin. Likewise, a significant reduction in nuclear accumulation of the green fluorescent protein aggregation (GFP)-NS5 was detected. Finally, the researchers showed a high and direct tendency of NS5 to IMPα /β [26]. In another study on human Huh-7 cells infected with DENV 1, DENV2, or DENV2 virus mouse-adapted S221 strain, a fivefold reduction was seen in half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of ivermectin while using liposomal systems as its nanocarriers, while the antiviral activity of the drug was significantly preserved [27].

In an in vitro study on DENV2 infected Vero cells with MOI of one, following 2 HPI the infected cells were treated with ivermectin, and cell supernatant was analyzed quantitatively 22 h later using plaque assay and RT-q PCR, for virus production and proliferation, respectively. Results revealed that ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of DENV2 (New Guinea C), with EC50 of 0.5 µM and it was not cytotoxic at the concentrations used [23]. A phase III clinical trial in Thailand has been registered against DENV infection in which a single daily oral dose of ivermectin was declared to be safe, however, the final results [15] are not published yet.

Hendra virus (HEV)
In an in vitro study, researchers examined the effectiveness of ivermectin on HEV, a Henipavirus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family and a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. The main pathogenicity of this virus is partly due to its ability to inhibit the host type-one interferon response by producing the polycistronic p gene. In this study, researchers showed that HEV moves dynamically between the nucleus and the cytoplasm through the IMP α1. The study found that ivermectin inhibited HEV infection in mammalian cells and even reduced the virus by five times in a non-optimized single dose of 10 µM, without drug cytotoxicity. The researchers concluded that ivermectin could be effective in treating HEV infection by inhibiting the transmission of the virus by IMP α1/β1 [28].

Newcastle virus
In another in vitro and in vivo study, Azeem et al. studied the cytotoxicity of ivermectin and its potential antiviral effect on Newcastle virus, a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus from the paramyxoviridae family, on chick primary fibroblast cell line and 9-day-old chick embryo, respectively. In this study, ivermectin was tested at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg ml−1, and results revealed that the drug at 100 μg ml−1 or above had cytotoxic effects. However, it was safe at concentrations of 50 μg ml−1 or less, drug cytotoxicity was not observed and a moderate to poor antiviral activity was noted [29].

Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV)
Lundberg et al. evaluated the efficacy of ivermectin as an inhibitor of import α/β1, in cells infected with VEEV. It is an enveloped, non-segmented, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus from the Alphavirus genus, Togaviridae family. The drug reduced nuclear-associated capsid, virus titer, and cytopathic effects (CPE) caused by the virus. Although a limited reduction in virus replication was observed, this was not significant [30].

Based on previous study results, for the first time in an in vitro study, researchers investigated the effect of ivermectin on VEE C using in silico structure-based drug design. Results showed a reduction in viral replication, besides reduction in nuclear accumulation of capsid protein (Cap) in infected cells. In this study, which used VEEVC virus-infected Vero cells, the effect of ivermectin was examined along with two other drugs. In the concentration of 1 µM, ivermectin reduced the titer of the virus to a lesser extent than the other two drugs and researchers found that the antiviral mode of action of drugs was through the IMP α/β1: C NLS interaction [31].

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Semliki Forest virus (SFV), and Sindbis virus (SINV)
In the study of baby hamster kidney cells or BHK-21 cell line infected with CHIKV which is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus from the Alphavirus genus in Togaviridae family, ivermectin inhibited viral infection and eliminated the luciferase signal without significant drug toxicity (P value < 0.001) [32].

Also, in both infected BHK-21 cell line and human hepatocellular Huh-7.5, luciferase was measured 16 and 18 h later, respectively, and the results showed a dramatic decrease in virus replication in human hepatocellular Huh-7.5 cells. The results also showed that ivermectin is a potent inhibitor of both positive-strand and negative-strand RNA production. A strong decrease in virus protein expression was observed in infected cells, even at a high MOI. In this paper, ivermectin was very effective in inhibiting virus production compared with untreated specimens with ~4 logs as a potent antiviral inhibitor. Also, ivermectin, when used between 1.5 h before and at the time of infection, reduced the SFV titer by 2.3 logs in infected compared with noninfected cells but did not show a similar effect at later time points. Similar to the CHIKV infected cells, ivermectin gradually lost its effectiveness when added to later time points. However, when it was added before or at the same time of infection, it inhibited virus titers by 2 logs [32]. Again, as stated in previous studies [25], it can be concluded that ivermectin administration may be effective in the early stages of infection and could be recommended for the prevention or treatment of early stages of viral infection, rather than advanced forms. Of course, confirmation of this statement requires human studies and clinical trials.

In the same study [32], treatment with ivermectin in cells infected with other alphaviruses, including SFV and SINV, reduced virus production compared with noninfected cells. Ivermectin treatment also showed an inhibitory effect on the virus by reducing virus titers by 4 logs in YFV. All of these findings suggest a strong antiviral effect of ivermectin, as it has been able to effectively reduce viral RNA synthesis, viral RNA protein expression, and mature virion formation in infected cells with CHIKV. The authors concluded that ivermectin effect was due to its inhibitory property on two alphaviruses, including SFV and SINV, as well as its stronger inhibitory effect on YFV.

Avian influenza A virus
In an in vitro study using chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cells infected with Avian influenza A virus, which is a negative-sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA virus from the Orthomyxoviridae family, treatment with 10 µM ivermectin completely prevented the nuclear transmission of different types of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes [33].

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV)
In another in vitro study of the antiviral effect of ivermectin in sub-cytotoxic doses on cultured porcine alveolar macrophage cells infected with PRRSV which is an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus from the Arteriviridae family, the cells were exposed to concentrations of 1–15 µM ivermectin 1 h before infection as well as during the entire course of viral infection. The inhibitory effect of ivermectin on virus propagation was evident, and ivermectin significantly reduced the CPE caused by the virus and the expression of the virus gene in a dose-dependent manner. At its highest dose, 15 µM, ivermectin caused a significant reduction in virus-infected cells, with a maximum inhibition of 95%. In this study, the effective dose of the drug that inhibits 50% of viral infections (ED50) was 6.7 µM, and the authors concluded that ivermectin effectively inhibited the proliferation of the PRRSV virus. The effect of ivermectin on reducing virus production decreased with time of infection, so that in a dose of 15 µM of the drug in 1 h before infection, simultaneously with infection, and 1, 2, 4, and 12 HPI the virus production decreased from 80 to 42%. In 24 HPI, no significant change in PRRSV propagation was observed. Based on these findings, the authors concluded that ivermectin, as an antiviral drug, is effective in initiating viral infection. Ivermectin caused a significant reduction in virus titer, indicating that the drug inhibited the optimal release of progeny virus from the natural host cell, but it did not inhibit the virus entry process. The strong inhibitory effect of ivermectin on the intracellular expression of PRRSV N protein, which resulted in a 90% reduction in its expression, indicates ivermectin’s specific function against viral protein translation during virus replication. The amount of PRRSV N protein in the nucleus of infected cells treated with ivermectin did not change significantly, which indicates the inability of the drug to inhibit nuclear/nucleolar localization of N. The drug also had an inhibitory effect on genomic RNA and subgenomic mRNA. The researchers acknowledged that ivermectin may impair the optimal synthesis of viral RNA by exerting its effect on the nonstructural protein 10 helicase, which has ATP-dependent helicase activity in the PRRSV virus, but more studies are needed to prove this hypothesis [34].

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1
HIV-1 is a single-stranded RNA virus, belonged to the genus Lentivirus within the family of Retroviridae. In an in vitro study, the researchers evaluated the effects of ivermectin as an inhibitor of HIV-1 nuclear protein transfer. The results showed that ivermectin reduced the NLS-containing protein binding by IMP α/β and inhibited this interaction at low concentrations (the half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]: 4.8 µM). Ivermectin significantly reduced nuclear accumulation GFP-IN by P value = 0.003 compared with the untreated control group and also significantly reduced (P value < 0001) nuclear accumulation of GFP-tagged Op-T-NLS fusion protein. However, this study showed that ivermectin failed to control the nuclear accumulation of telomer repeat factor-1 (GFP-TRF) as IMPβ1 is the only way to transfer it to the cell nucleus. Researchers concluded that ivermectin is not a specific inhibitor for IN -IMP α/β interaction, but it appears to be a specific inhibitor of cargos that are dependent on heterodimer to be transferred to the nucleus. The study concluded that ivermectin is a nuclear transport inhibitor via IMPα/β, but does not affect the nuclear transfer via IMPβ1 alone, and also ivermectin completely inhibits nuclear import of the active integrase protein of HIV-1 as a critical component of the preintegration complex [35].

Kylie et al. in a study on infected human cervical adenocarcinoma cells (Hela) showed that ivermectin in high concentrations (25–50 µM) has an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HIV-1. It does this by inhibiting the transfer of viral proteins between the host cell cytoplasm and its nucleus, which is dependent on IMP α/β1. The researchers showed that ivermectin inhibited the nuclear aggregation of HIV-1 integrase [21].

The antiviral effects of ivermectin on DNA viruses
Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1)
A number of studies examined the antiviral effects of ivermectin on some DNA viruses. In an in vitro study of primary murine neurons infected with two different strains of EHV-1, which is a double-stranded DNA virus, ivermectin with different concentrations had no effect on strain Rac-H proliferation but reduced the proliferation of strain Jan-E. These findings suggest that different strains of EHV-1 use different receptors to enter the nucleus. Also, because ivermectin only inhibited the proliferation of strain Jan-E, further studies are needed to investigate the antiviral effect of ivermectin on this virus. The study’s finding suggests the role of IMP α/β besides other receptors involved in nuclear import in the EHV-1 [36].

Pseudorabies virus (PRV)
Lv et al. examined the antiviral effect of ivermectin on an enveloped double-stranded DNA-based swine virus called PRV, which is a member of the alpha-herpesviridae subfamily [37]. The virus causes lifelong infection in pigs, and its DNA polymerase enzyme is made up of two subunits called UL30 and UL42 [38, 39].

The UL42 subunit is found to have IMP-α/β-mediated bipartite NLS that transfers both subunits into the cell nucleus [39]. Examination of infected hamster kidney cells (BHK-21 cells) showed that ivermectin did not produce cytotoxic effects at concentrations <3 µM. But with increasing the drug concentrations to 5 µM, the cells showed drug cytotoxic effects as a sharp decrease in cell activity. The CPE of viral infection were seen in untreated cells 24 HPI and in cells treated with 0.5 µM ivermectin in 48 HPI. In 72 HPI, mild CPE were seen in infected cells treated with 1.5 or 2.5 µM ivermectin, indicating a delayed proliferation of the virus. In this study, ivermectin did not inhibit PRV adsorption in cells because the virus titers were the same in different groups. However, adding ivermectin after infection reduced the number of plaques and virus titers. Ivermectin inhibited the entry of DNA polymerase accessory subunit UL42 into the nucleus, so that with increasing the drug concentrations, less UL42 was observed in the nucleus by the western blot method. Although ivermectin inhibited the transfer of UL42 to the nucleus through the NLS, it did not reduce UL42 expression in the cytoplasm. In the virus-infected mice model, ivermectin significantly reduced viral loads in the brain and kidney of all animals, and this reduction was more significant in the kidneys, the main organ involved in ivermectin metabolism. In addition to declining virus titers in the organs of the animal, their clinical scores and mortality decreased as the drug concentration increased. Finally, the researchers concluded that ivermectin could be used as a potential antiviral drug against PRV [37].

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)
As mentioned earlier, a study of Wagstaff et al. [21] showed that ivermectin was able to specifically inhibit the nuclear transfer pathway through IMP α/β [36]. Based on this mechanism, Bennet et al. investigated the effect of ivermectin on BKPyV, a non-enveloped small double-stranded DNA virus and a member of the Polyomaviridae family, in infected renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. A qualitative study using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method after treating infected cells with 10 µM ivermectin, showed a decrease in the levels of the early protein large T Antigen mRNA, indicating a decrease in viral gene expression due to inhibition of nucleus entry. This inhibitory effect of ivermectin indicates that polyomavirus has access to the nucleus through active nuclear pore complex transfer [40].

Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2)
The inhibitory effect of ivermectin on virus proliferation was investigated in PK-15 cells infected with PCV2, a circular single-strand DNA virus from the Circoviridae family. The results showed that ivermectin at concentrations of 50 or 100 μg ml−1 did not have cytotoxic effects at 24 or 48 h after treatment, but at concentration of 200 μg ml−1 cell viability reduced significantly (P value ≤ 0.05). Also in the first 24 HPI, ivermectin reduced the viral load by 41% and 28.2%, at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg ml−1, respectively. However, in the 48 HPI, ivermectin reduced viral load by 28.8% and 15.7%, respectively, at the same concentrations, indicating a decrease in drug efficacy in later time points [41], as was pointed out in previous studies on antiviral effects of ivermectin [25, 32].

Also in infected PK-15 cells, ivermectin reduced the expression of viral Cap, which has an NLS to enter the nucleus of an infected cell. Addition of ivermectin to the culture medium significantly reduced the number of virus-infected cells and following treatment, Cap caused by PCV2 infection was detected only in the cytoplasm and not in the nucleus [41].

Infected piglets treated with ivermectin showed a significant decrease (P value ≤ 0.05) in viremia and viral loads in tissues. In the study of inguinal lymph nodes (ILNs) in infected piglets treated with ivermectin, the observed lesions were milder and there was a clear difference in the number of lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and the intensity of infiltration of the histiocytes [41].

Integrated optical density analysis of the PCV2 virus showed a significant decrease in viral signals in ILNs (P value ≤ 0.05) following treatment with ivermectin. Finally, the authors concluded that ivermectin inhibits the entry of Cap and the NLS of Cap in ILNs into the nucleus, which confirms the effect of drug on the NLS-mediated nuclear import pathway [41].

Bovine herpesvirus 1 virus (BoHV-1)
In another study on Madin–Darby bovine kidney cells infected with the BoHV-1, a large, enveloped and double-stranded DNA virus from the Herpesviridae family, ivermectin decreased UL42 nuclear transmission by inhibiting IMP α/β-dependent nuclear transfer and reduced virus replication in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that UL42 was dependent on IMP α/β for nuclear transfer. 25 µM ivermectin reduced the virus titer by 4 logs and inhibited virion production by ~44%, but had no effect on cell viability in the studied doses. Also, ivermectin had no effect on the binding and entry of the virus into the host cell [42].

Conclusion
In this systematic review, we showed antiviral effects of ivermectin on a broad range of RNA and DNA viruses by reviewing all related evidences since 1970. This study presents the possibility that ivermectin could be a useful antiviral agent in several viruses including those with positive-sense single-stranded RNA, in similar fashion. Since significant effectiveness of ivermectin is seen in the early stages of infection in experimental studies, it is proposed that ivermectin administration may be effective in the early stages or prevention. Of course, confirmation of this statement requires human studies and clinical trials.

Ivermectin, owing to its antiviral activity, may play a pivotal role in several essential biological processes, therefore it could serve as a potential candidate in the treatment of different types of viruses including COVID-19. Clinical trials are necessary to appraise the effects of ivermectin on COVID-19 in clinical setting and this warrants additional investigation for probable benefits in humans in the current and future pandemics. On April 10, 2020, FDA issued a statement concerning self-administration of ivermectin against COVID-19 [43] referring to recently published in vitro study on this subject [15]. FDA highlighted that this type of in vitro study is usually used in the early stages of drug development. Moreover, further trials are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of ivermectin for human use against COVID-19 to discover preventive or therapeutic window [43].

As noted, the activity of ivermectin in cell culture has not reproduced in mouse infection models against many of the viruses and has not been clinically proven either, in spite of ivermectin being available globally. This is likely related to the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic safety window for ivermectin. The blood levels of ivermectin at safe therapeutic doses are in the 20–80 ng/ml range [44], while the activity against SARS-CoV2 in cell culture is in the microgram range. Ivermectin is administered orally or topically. If safe formulations or analogs can be derived that can be administered to achieve therapeutic concentrations, ivermectin could be useful as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent.

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Author information
Affiliations
Head of Ophthalmology Division, Taleghani Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Fatemeh Heidary

Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Reza Gharebaghi

International Virtual Ophthalmic Research Center (IVORC), Austin, TX, USA
Reza Gharebaghi

Corresponding authors
Correspondence to Fatemeh Heidary or Reza Gharebaghi.

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Cite this article
Heidary, F., Gharebaghi, R. Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen. J Antibiot 73, 593–602 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41429-020-0336-z

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Received
21 April 2020

Revised
05 May 2020

Accepted
17 May 2020

Published
12 June 2020

Issue Date
September 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41429-020-0336-z

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Subjects
Antimicrobial therapy
Viral infection
Further reading
Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of adding ivermectin to treatment in severe COVID-19 patients
Nurullah Okumuş, Neşe Demirtürk[…] & Gürhan Taşkın
BMC Infectious Diseases (2021)

Lack of detectable short-term effects of a single dose of ivermectin on the human immune system
Natalie E. Wilson, Barbara J. Reaves & Adrian J. Wolstenholme
Parasites & Vectors (2021)

Identification of 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLPro) inhibitors as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents
Vicky Mody, Joanna Ho[…] & Shashidharamurthy Taval
Communications Biology (2021)

The mechanisms of action of Ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2: An evidence-based clinical review article
Asiya Kamber Zaidi & Puya Dehgani-Mobaraki
The Journal of Antibiotics (2021)

Ivermectin reduces in vivo coronavirus infection in a mouse experimental model
A. P. Arévalo, R. Pagotto[…] & M. Crispo
Scientific Reports (2021)

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This deserves some sort of Beaver Award!


Originally Posted by 16penny
If you put Taco Bell sauce in your ramen noodles it tastes just like poverty
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Those analyses have to be properly done. You pull stuff from the Internet and present it as fact. That doesn't cut it.

The only childish behaviour is yours. You consistently present bad information from biased or low grade websites like rumble.com or OANN and try to pass it off as completely truthful. There are no facts.

You make light of COVID. Millions have died, and your holier than thou attitude is repulsive.


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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
Your attempts to provoke an argument are silly.
---

Here are some numbers not in dispute.

From 1941 to 1944, in approximately 2 1/2 years, 407,300 US servicemen died fighting for freedom in WWII.

In 19 months, over 760,000 people have died from COVID in the US. That's almost twice the number that died in WWII, in half the time. We honour the fallen. We are saddened by their passing. I think the 760,000 should be remembered as well.

Hey Redgwell, this is a hunting site, quit complaining all the time, fugging whiner LOL.

Western Canada has been trying to get rid of this whining beotch for 150 years....fugging Trudeau lover LOL.

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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
Those analyses have to be properly done. You pull stuff from the Internet and present it as fact. That doesn't cut it.

The only childish behaviour is yours. You consistently present bad information from biased or low grade websites like rumble.com or OANN and try to pass it off as completely truthful. There are no facts.

You make light of COVID. Millions have died, and your holier than thou attitude is repulsive.


You seriously need some help. Somethings obviously wrong with your elevator cables

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Steve would you please show the percentage of more deaths in the last year with covid added in. You seem to be good at finding numbers on this stuff. Thanks Edk

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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
You still lose...again. Bad science and fakery. laugh
I think you took that vaccine and now you are scared. Trying to convince yourself it's ok.


Patriotism (and religion) is the last refuge of a scoundrel.

Jesus: "Take heed that no man deceive you."
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Originally Posted by Hastings
Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
You still lose...again. Bad science and fakery. laugh
I think you took that vaccine and now you are scared. Trying to convince yourself it's ok.

Not to unlike the old story of eggs and bacon. The hen was involved, the pig was committed.

Once you're shot, you're committed.

DF

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Ivermectin has always been a good block of viruses



I got banned on another web site for a debate that happened on this site. That's a first
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Google the Indonesian Ivermectin study before Big Tech takes it down.

DF

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Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer
Google the Indonesian Ivermectin study before Big Tech takes it down.

DF
Cannot find it. All I can find are articles saying it has been retracted or discredited.


Patriotism (and religion) is the last refuge of a scoundrel.

Jesus: "Take heed that no man deceive you."
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Watch for the black helicopters.


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Steve Redgwell
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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
Watch for the black helicopters.
Huh?


Patriotism (and religion) is the last refuge of a scoundrel.

Jesus: "Take heed that no man deceive you."
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Originally Posted by Hastings
Originally Posted by Dirtfarmer
Google the Indonesian Ivermectin study before Big Tech takes it down.

DF
Cannot find it. All I can find are articles saying it has been retracted or discredited.

Ahh..

You blinked and Big Pharma/Big Tech took it down.

Bottom line, Indonesia used Ivermectin heavily and had good results. They are a poor country and did what they could with the resources they had.

Evidently not P.C. to let the unwashed masses (us) read such unfiltered information.

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Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
Another bogus source. OANN has no credibility. Are you that gullible?


My God man! Your ignorance and gullibility makes you look exceedingly stupid. Do yourself a favor and STFU.

I have firsthand knowledge and experience with the effectiveness of early Ivermectin intervention when treating Covid. You can continue to stomp your little feet and cite all the government bullshit that you want but when you do that you simply prove that you’re an idiot, a gullible, thoughtless child that relies on misinformation from big brother in your attempt to pretend you’re a big boy….you’re not!, you’re simply an uniformed puppet that’s playing the part of an unpaid, self-appointed propaganda minister. As soon as you cite government compiled “statistics” and spew their misinformation and disinformation you lose….you lose any argument you were engaged in and you lose credibility. Regurgitating government propaganda only proves that you’re a tool….a worthless tool to everyone except big brother. Big brother counts on having a segment of the population that will believe and subsequently regurgitate every piece of bullshit they peddle so congratulations on being a part of the government’s propaganda campaign. Mao, Pol Pot, Hitler, Stalin, ad nauseum loved tools like you because you people lapped up every drop of their poison. The sheep are the ones that suffer most from your propaganda….


�Politicians are the lowest form of life on earth. Liberal Democrats are the lowest form of politician.� �General George S. Patton, Jr.

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laugh. Ok.


Safe Shooting!
Steve Redgwell
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Get your facts first, then you can distort them as you please. - Mark Twain
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Originally Posted by AcesNeights
Originally Posted by Steve Redgwell
Another bogus source. OANN has no credibility. Are you that gullible?


My God man! Your ignorance and gullibility makes you look exceedingly stupid. Do yourself a favor and STFU.

I have firsthand knowledge and experience with the effectiveness of early Ivermectin intervention when treating Covid. You can continue to stomp your little feet and cite all the government bullshit that you want but when you do that you simply prove that you’re an idiot, a gullible, thoughtless child that relies on misinformation from big brother in your attempt to pretend you’re a big boy….you’re not!, you’re simply an uniformed puppet that’s playing the part of an unpaid, self-appointed propaganda minister. As soon as you cite government compiled “statistics” and spew their misinformation and disinformation you lose….you lose any argument you were engaged in and you lose credibility. Regurgitating government propaganda only proves that you’re a tool….a worthless tool to everyone except big brother. Big brother counts on having a segment of the population that will believe and subsequently regurgitate every piece of bullshit they peddle so congratulations on being a part of the government’s propaganda campaign. Mao, Pol Pot, Hitler, Stalin, ad nauseum loved tools like you because you people lapped up every drop of their poison. The sheep are the ones that suffer most from your propaganda….

A&E: I don't think Stevie has any idea how stupid he sounds.


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Ok. laugh


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Steve Redgwell
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