Anyone know what steel is used and tempered hardness?
Rudy began making knives as a blacksmith/farrier in the Army in the early 1920's. Ruana Knife Works dates from 1938. The R.H. Ruana Stamp dates from 1943 to 1984 when Rudy retired. He passed in 1986. Vic Hangas was Rudy's son-in law. He worked with Rudy from 1964 until Rudy's death, then himself passed in 2019. Vic's sons - Rudy's grandsons, have owned/run the business since.
The idea that Ruana's are copies of, or wanabee Randall's doesn't pan out since Rudy was making knives a decade before Bo, and both companies are officially dated from 1938. In my world of remote Idaho as I grew up in the 1960's-1970's there were Ruana guys and Randall Guys at the high end, and pretty much Western factory knives under that. My own take is that it is a well known fact that Bo was a Bill Scagel apprentice, though that is never printed of Rudy. I think Scagel is the father of ALL of these guys.... take that for whatever my musings are worth!
Anyway:
Ruana used the Ford vanadium spring steel from 1938 to 1941, and Studebaker SManganese steel from then to 1962.
In 1962 they switched to 1095 for hunters/skinners and 5160 for the Bowies, and that remains through today.
As to hardness...Ruana's have differential hardness through zone tempering that yields the spine a couple points lower than the edge.
The 1095 hunters/skinners are nominally 56-58 HRC.
The Bowies are nominally 57-59+