the 40 vs 10 argument seems to be a case of mistaken identity. Fill both up with powder and the 10 case holds more, if anyone handloads one of them they can handload the other, if stuck with store bought there is probably not a big difference until you get to buffalo bore, or underwood etc. but again BB 40SW I think is 1000 fps with 200 grain. I often wonder if a .40 200 grain HC at 1000 fps, will shoot into a soft skinned animal about as much as a 200 grain hc at 1350. Whitworth must be on vacation, he might know the answer to a question like that.
The answer to your question is, as long as the faster bullet is up to the additional speed the f as ster bullet will penetrate deeper. The damage to lung tissue will be increased by the faster projectile.
A hard cast of around 20 brinel will stand 1400 FPS and penetrate very well
Just think 38 special VS 357 mag one is faster than the other and more effective