I've been wearing glasses for over 60 years and progressives for almost 20. Your optometrist set the transition on your lenses too high. You need to get new lenses.
As far as the binocular situation, as a lifelong eyeglass wearer I have struggled with that situation a lot. The first binocular that gave me adequate eye relief to be able to keep my glasses on and get full FOV are my Tract 8x42's.
