My Win 94 30-30 hurts to shoot.
My Browning BAR 338WM 250 gr 2500 fps does not hurt to shoot.
The differences:
1) butt area [spread the recoil force over more area to get local pressure below 20 psi threshold of skin pain]
2) rifle weight [reduce the rearward velocity of the recoiling rifle ]
3) Limbsaver recoil pad [reduce peak shoulder force, by spread the slowing down the rifle over time as the pad compresses]
4) Semi auto action [spread the force to slow down recoiling rifle over time]
5) Recoil pad is thick and the right softness [to comply with the shoulder shape, and thus increase shoulder area in contact]
