The first cartridge that popped into my head with your question was .243 Winchester.

In truth, there are loads that could fit your criteria.
6.5x55
30-30
257 Roberts
25-06
.260 Remington
... and on... and on...

“There are three things all wise men fear: the sea in storm, a night with no moon, and the anger of a gentle man.”
― Patrick Rothfuss, The Wise Man's Fear