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I agree with all of that. However, only so much rifle ideology applies to handguns because we're operating at 1000fps less. We're getting the same job done with less bullet weight because the bullets do not deform but I do not think that suggests that SD and therefore weight does not matter. They are still relatively heavy bullets. If weight/SD did not matter at all, we would get the same job done with VERY light bullets. There has to be a tipping point. The copper solids don't eliminate SD as a factor, it just moves the scale down. In other words, more information/testing is needed.
In some regards, we are well ahead of the big bore rifle crowd. They're just not figuring out that flat nosed solids work better than round nose. Revolvers are also not limited according to what nose shapes will and won't feed.
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Will a solid copper 300gr .500 penetrate as well as a solid copper 300gr .44? No. Would an aluminum bullet penetrate as well as solid copper? No. Mass and momentum are still factors. Mass relative to diameter is still important. Therefore so is the number that represents mass relative to diameter, which is sectional density. Not a whole lot of analytical thinking going on here. Will a 500L 525 grain WLN penetrate farther than a 450 Punch Bullet? If not then SD is BS. I can assure that it will not. SD does not take into account for bullet construction, nose shape or meplat size all of which effects penetration. You guys are mixing way too many variables and making conclusions based on too little information. First and foremost, the fact that a lighter monolithic outpenetrates a heavier cast does not "destroy" the SD "argument". All it means is that weight moves down the totem pole in favor of a bullet that does not deform. Second, SD is not an all-encompassing belief system. It's not an argument. Or a measure of lethality. It is simply the bullet's weight relative to its diameter. It is a singular factor among many. I don't know why people are in such a hurry to dismiss it. We have tons of cast bullets in various weights, so it is easy to determine that heavier bullets of a comparable shape/hardness/toughness will penetrate deeper than lighter ones. However, there are far too few monolithics to be able to even properly compare them and determine what role SD plays. I would just about bet the farm that a 300gr .500 wouldn't come close to a 300gr .44 in penetration. I've seen this first hand with the additional drag a .45 bullet has over a .44 at a given weight. It will be interesting to find out. You guys don't think thee's a reason why these bullets are as long as a heavy cast? If weight relative to diameter was not a factor at all, they'd be making these bullets a lot lighter, that could be driven a lot faster. But they are not. Here's the 270gr Punch, 300gr Punch, 300gr Barnes Buster compared to 330gr LFN and 355gr WLN. If weight doesn't matter, why are they so long??? Will a solid copper 300gr .500 penetrate as well as a solid copper 300gr .44? No. Would an aluminum bullet penetrate as well as solid copper? No. Mass and momentum are still factors. Mass relative to diameter is still important. Therefore so is the number that represents mass relative to diameter, which is sectional density. Not a whole lot of analytical thinking going on here. Will a 500L 525 grain WLN penetrate farther than a 450 Punch Bullet? If not then SD is BS. I can assure that it will not. SD does not take into account for bullet construction, nose shape or meplat size all of which effects penetration. You guys are mixing way too many variables and making conclusions based on too little information. First and foremost, the fact that a lighter monolithic outpenetrates a heavier cast does not "destroy" the SD "argument". All it means is that weight moves down the totem pole in favor of a bullet that does not deform. Second, SD is not an all-encompassing belief system. It's not an argument. Or a measure of lethality. It is simply the bullet's weight relative to its diameter. It is a singular factor among many. I don't know why people are in such a hurry to dismiss it. We have tons of cast bullets in various weights, so it is easy to determine that heavier bullets of a comparable shape/hardness/toughness will penetrate deeper than lighter ones. However, there are far too few monolithics to be able to even properly compare them and determine what role SD plays. I would just about bet the farm that a 300gr .500 wouldn't come close to a 300gr .44 in penetration. I've seen this first hand with the additional drag a .45 bullet has over a .44 at a given weight. It will be interesting to find out. You guys don't think thee's a reason why these bullets are as long as a heavy cast? If weight relative to diameter was not a factor at all, they'd be making these bullets a lot lighter, that could be driven a lot faster. But they are not. Here's the 270gr Punch, 300gr Punch, 300gr Barnes Buster compared to 330gr LFN and 355gr WLN. If weight doesn't matter, why are they so long??? In there you said the large resistance you see bw a 44 and 45 colt. That resistance is what does damage. So you are saying the 45 doesnt penetrate as far due to it doing alot more damage than the 44? Correct. Secondly i am positive i can a 500 300 grain further than a 300 gr 44 mag just due to the massive velocity difference.
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Max: Thanks for posting. I followed the 400+ posts on Accurate Reloading but missed this summation. Where was it published? What amazed me is that it took a person not in the firearms industry using his own resources to develop such definitive facts. The Linebaugh penetration tests were a start but Michael really sealed the deal. Not only that but Michael introduced me to Corris Ferreira of Track-A-Hunt Safaris. These 8 Factors were developed in the context of dangerous game rifles with velocities greater than attainable in pistols. Reviewing the velocity section emphasis was on the effects of excess velocity. Do you think there is any significant change to these factors at velocities roughly half of the dangerous game rifles?
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I agree with all of that. However, only so much rifle ideology applies to handguns because we're operating at 1000fps less. We're getting the same job done with less bullet weight because the bullets do not deform but I do not think that suggests that SD and therefore weight does not matter. They are still relatively heavy bullets. If weight/SD did not matter at all, we would get the same job done with VERY light bullets. There has to be a tipping point. The copper solids don't eliminate SD as a factor, it just moves the scale down. In other words, more information/testing is needed.
In some regards, we are well ahead of the big bore rifle crowd. They're just not figuring out that flat nosed solids work better than round nose. Revolvers are also not limited according to what nose shapes will and won't feed.
The days of the big bore rifle crowd not knowing are over. They use flatpoint solids all the time now. Secrets been out for awhile you just dont hear about it alot because the expandables are so good with rifle power it is pretty much only elephants and not even that all the time that requires a solid with the big bores You also said only so much rifle ideology applies. Who said and why would that be. Ive been hearing pistols dont kill like rifles but they can and do if proper bullets are used. Monometals may not destroy the SD argument but they make it a moot point.
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This piece below was penned by Michael McCourry, the gentleman who designed the CEB solid. He has killed more bovines in testing than anyone else I know by a wide margin to test his designs and theories. He knows what he is talking about...
There are 8 Absolute Known Factors for Solid Penetration and are as follows in Order of Importance.....
#1 Meplat Percentage of Caliber Meplats that attain 65% Meplat of Caliber are terminally stable.... Above 70% Meplat bullets remain stable, however depth of penetration begins to decrease with every step up in meplat size. 70% Meplat or larger does increase trauma to, and destruction of tissue. 70% Meplats start to get difficult to feed, even in Winchester M70s...... From 65% Meplat to 68% Meplat is OPTIMUM for Stability, destruction of tissues, and feed and function in most quality rifles..........
#2 Nose Profile There are many and varied Nose Profiles of solids on the market today, from the angled Nose Profiles of CEB and North Fork, to the straight nose profile of the older North Forks and GSC, the Barnes/Hornady Profiles (like a RN cut off at the top) to many more... Not all of these are created equal, and some are better performers than others. In recent tests in comparison between the old North Fork Profiles and the Newer North Fork Profiles I was getting 20% deeper penetration with the Newer North Forks than the older, with the same bullet, just difference in Nose Profile is all.... John at North Fork agrees, and in their work there they were getting more along the lines of 25% deeper penetration. One major thing that I noticed here, the stability at the end of penetration was 100% better. In most all tests here the last 2 inches of penetration of the old style North Forks would be unstable. Now this is and was of no consequence at the very end of penetration. The depth of penetration of these older nose profile bullets was always so deep that it had long accomplished its mission before loss of stability right at the very end. This new NOSE PROFILE of North Forks remains DEAD STRAIGHT to the very last of penetration, and always found NOSE FORWARD........
#3 Construction & Material Construction of a solid is a major part of its ability to penetrate. To deny this is foolish to say the least. Some of our solids out there, lead core, are very very weak in construction and absolutely do not have the ability to bust through heavy bone and reach their intended targets. I have seen and have in hand failures of these bullets from the field..... A shame as well, as some of these bullets are promoted as Dangerous Game Solids, and some of them flatten out like pancakes when hitting some heavy..... Some FMJ Have steel inserts, while this solves a problem in one area, it creates problems in other areas.... Brass is harder than Copper... No surprise there, but I have busted elephant heads with both copper and brass, and never had one distort, but, these solids were of a very STRONG NOSE PROFILE as well........ So you see, combinations of different factors work together to strengthen or weaken other factors..... A good strong Nose Profile, can overcome some material deficiencies and in the case of copper solids this is extremely important, and very true........
#4 Nose Projection Nose Projection above the top bands was the last factor discovered. There may be more factors, but currently they remain undiscovered at this point in time.... We found that nose projection above the top of the bands of current CNC monolithic bullets is very important to depth of penetration. Some bullets designed to work through lever actin riflers require a SHORT NOSE PROJECTION in front of the bands so that they can be loaded deep enough to work through the actions of these guns... Nose Projection of these same bullets for bolt guns, single shots, and double rifles are longer, from .600 to .700 in front of the top band. The LONGER NOSE PROJECTION solids will penetrate on average 25% deeper than the shorter nose projection. Now, these bullets already have all the other required factors for stability, nose profile, construction and radius, so it is ONLY DEPTH Of penetration that is effected with properly designed bullets.
#5 Radius Edge of Meplat We found that the radius edge of the meplat made a difference, small, but a difference none the less. A nicely radius edge penetrates about 5% deeper, and has more stability at the end than a sharp edged radius.... No more to go into here, thats it.......
All the Above Factors Deal with Bullet Design........
#6 Velocity Velocity is a factor, but it also goes hand in hand with Nose Profile and Construction/ Material. If we assume that the Meplat is optimum, the nose projection is optimum, and the bullet has a nice radius then velocity becomes a factor in combination with nose profile and construction/materials. Different Nose Profiles react differently with velocity. Some nose profiles at very low velocity cannot maintain stability, but this would be in the extreme, and other factors may come into play with some of this. In essence with some Nose Profiles, added velocity will equate to added depth of penetration, and of course trauma and destruction of tissue. Some nose profiles react better than others, but if properly designed, then all will get some gain from added velocity, UNTIL you reach the point that you get distortion of the meplat by TOO MUCH VELOCITY. Once you begin to distort that meplat, then all sorts of strange things begin to occur. One is depth of penetration will decrease, stability will decrease as well....... Normally you will only get this at extreme velocities at 2700-2800 fps or more, which in our big bore rifles is somewhat extreme.......... Lead core bullets will be effected in a serious manner at extreme velocities, followed by copper, and then brass........ Nose Profile and Construction & Material are very important for Factor #6.........
#7 Barrel Twist Rate Barrel twist rate really only becomes a factor when Factor #1 is DEFICIENT....... If the meplat of caliber is undersized, less than 65%, then faster twist rates WILL INCREASE the depth of penetration by increasing the stability of terminal penetration. A 65% Meplat of Caliber can stabilize in slower twist rates of 1:18, or even slower...... I have seen 65% Meplat of Caliber stabilize with ZERO TWIST....... I have seen 50% Meplat of Caliber stability increase with faster twist rates, and have documentation to prove it, several times...... If you are using a properly designed Solid, then twist rate becomes less important, and more important if you are not using a proper designed solid. Fast Twist Rates can also increase stability of even RN Solids of decent design, hardly anything can increase stability of a more pointy RN FMJ.......
#8 Sectional Density Sectional Density will ONLY BE A FACTOR with two bullets that are exactly the same in every other Factor or aspect. Factors #1 and #2 far outweigh Sectional Density in the terminal performance of Solids. We can take a properly designed 458 caliber 325 gr Solid and far out penetrate in depth and stability a poorly designed 550 gr 458 caliber bullet....... My son recently shot a medium sized elephant at 10 yards, perfectly executed side brain shot, with a 350 gr .474 caliber properly designed solid at 2200 fps. This bullet exited the head on the far side and still may be going for all I know. A 350 gr .474 caliber bullet has a sectional density of .223, and I personally would choose this little 350 gr bullet over the Woodleigh 500 gr RN FMJ at .4725 (ones I have here) any and every day for any mission............
These are undeniable facts, and can be proven over and over and over again in all test work, and these factors have been exercised in the field and have proven themselves in the field, many many times over...... These are the 8 Factors of Terminal Penetration of Solid Bullets.................
There it is right there
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This piece below was penned by Michael McCourry, the gentleman who designed the CEB solid. He has killed more bovines in testing than anyone else I know by a wide margin to test his designs and theories. He knows what he is talking about...
There are 8 Absolute Known Factors for Solid Penetration and are as follows in Order of Importance.....
#1 Meplat Percentage of Caliber Meplats that attain 65% Meplat of Caliber are terminally stable.... Above 70% Meplat bullets remain stable, however depth of penetration begins to decrease with every step up in meplat size. 70% Meplat or larger does increase trauma to, and destruction of tissue. 70% Meplats start to get difficult to feed, even in Winchester M70s...... From 65% Meplat to 68% Meplat is OPTIMUM for Stability, destruction of tissues, and feed and function in most quality rifles..........
#2 Nose Profile There are many and varied Nose Profiles of solids on the market today, from the angled Nose Profiles of CEB and North Fork, to the straight nose profile of the older North Forks and GSC, the Barnes/Hornady Profiles (like a RN cut off at the top) to many more... Not all of these are created equal, and some are better performers than others. In recent tests in comparison between the old North Fork Profiles and the Newer North Fork Profiles I was getting 20% deeper penetration with the Newer North Forks than the older, with the same bullet, just difference in Nose Profile is all.... John at North Fork agrees, and in their work there they were getting more along the lines of 25% deeper penetration. One major thing that I noticed here, the stability at the end of penetration was 100% better. In most all tests here the last 2 inches of penetration of the old style North Forks would be unstable. Now this is and was of no consequence at the very end of penetration. The depth of penetration of these older nose profile bullets was always so deep that it had long accomplished its mission before loss of stability right at the very end. This new NOSE PROFILE of North Forks remains DEAD STRAIGHT to the very last of penetration, and always found NOSE FORWARD........
#3 Construction & Material Construction of a solid is a major part of its ability to penetrate. To deny this is foolish to say the least. Some of our solids out there, lead core, are very very weak in construction and absolutely do not have the ability to bust through heavy bone and reach their intended targets. I have seen and have in hand failures of these bullets from the field..... A shame as well, as some of these bullets are promoted as Dangerous Game Solids, and some of them flatten out like pancakes when hitting some heavy..... Some FMJ Have steel inserts, while this solves a problem in one area, it creates problems in other areas.... Brass is harder than Copper... No surprise there, but I have busted elephant heads with both copper and brass, and never had one distort, but, these solids were of a very STRONG NOSE PROFILE as well........ So you see, combinations of different factors work together to strengthen or weaken other factors..... A good strong Nose Profile, can overcome some material deficiencies and in the case of copper solids this is extremely important, and very true........
#4 Nose Projection Nose Projection above the top bands was the last factor discovered. There may be more factors, but currently they remain undiscovered at this point in time.... We found that nose projection above the top of the bands of current CNC monolithic bullets is very important to depth of penetration. Some bullets designed to work through lever actin riflers require a SHORT NOSE PROJECTION in front of the bands so that they can be loaded deep enough to work through the actions of these guns... Nose Projection of these same bullets for bolt guns, single shots, and double rifles are longer, from .600 to .700 in front of the top band. The LONGER NOSE PROJECTION solids will penetrate on average 25% deeper than the shorter nose projection. Now, these bullets already have all the other required factors for stability, nose profile, construction and radius, so it is ONLY DEPTH Of penetration that is effected with properly designed bullets.
#5 Radius Edge of Meplat We found that the radius edge of the meplat made a difference, small, but a difference none the less. A nicely radius edge penetrates about 5% deeper, and has more stability at the end than a sharp edged radius.... No more to go into here, thats it.......
All the Above Factors Deal with Bullet Design........
#6 Velocity Velocity is a factor, but it also goes hand in hand with Nose Profile and Construction/ Material. If we assume that the Meplat is optimum, the nose projection is optimum, and the bullet has a nice radius then velocity becomes a factor in combination with nose profile and construction/materials. Different Nose Profiles react differently with velocity. Some nose profiles at very low velocity cannot maintain stability, but this would be in the extreme, and other factors may come into play with some of this. In essence with some Nose Profiles, added velocity will equate to added depth of penetration, and of course trauma and destruction of tissue. Some nose profiles react better than others, but if properly designed, then all will get some gain from added velocity, UNTIL you reach the point that you get distortion of the meplat by TOO MUCH VELOCITY. Once you begin to distort that meplat, then all sorts of strange things begin to occur. One is depth of penetration will decrease, stability will decrease as well....... Normally you will only get this at extreme velocities at 2700-2800 fps or more, which in our big bore rifles is somewhat extreme.......... Lead core bullets will be effected in a serious manner at extreme velocities, followed by copper, and then brass........ Nose Profile and Construction & Material are very important for Factor #6.........
#7 Barrel Twist Rate Barrel twist rate really only becomes a factor when Factor #1 is DEFICIENT....... If the meplat of caliber is undersized, less than 65%, then faster twist rates WILL INCREASE the depth of penetration by increasing the stability of terminal penetration. A 65% Meplat of Caliber can stabilize in slower twist rates of 1:18, or even slower...... I have seen 65% Meplat of Caliber stabilize with ZERO TWIST....... I have seen 50% Meplat of Caliber stability increase with faster twist rates, and have documentation to prove it, several times...... If you are using a properly designed Solid, then twist rate becomes less important, and more important if you are not using a proper designed solid. Fast Twist Rates can also increase stability of even RN Solids of decent design, hardly anything can increase stability of a more pointy RN FMJ.......
#8 Sectional Density Sectional Density will ONLY BE A FACTOR with two bullets that are exactly the same in every other Factor or aspect. Factors #1 and #2 far outweigh Sectional Density in the terminal performance of Solids. We can take a properly designed 458 caliber 325 gr Solid and far out penetrate in depth and stability a poorly designed 550 gr 458 caliber bullet....... My son recently shot a medium sized elephant at 10 yards, perfectly executed side brain shot, with a 350 gr .474 caliber properly designed solid at 2200 fps. This bullet exited the head on the far side and still may be going for all I know. A 350 gr .474 caliber bullet has a sectional density of .223, and I personally would choose this little 350 gr bullet over the Woodleigh 500 gr RN FMJ at .4725 (ones I have here) any and every day for any mission............
These are undeniable facts, and can be proven over and over and over again in all test work, and these factors have been exercised in the field and have proven themselves in the field, many many times over...... These are the 8 Factors of Terminal Penetration of Solid Bullets.................
There it is right there The guy that wrote that has done more extensive testing in media and on large and dangerous game than anyone ever has.
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I'm not talking about resistance due to tissue damage. I'm talking about two bullets with the same meplat diameter creating the same diameter wound channel but the .45 losing penetration due to drag/friction of the larger "ass" end trailing behind the meplat. Diameter, weight, weight relative to diameter, meplat, nose shape, nose projection, it ALL matters to one degree or another.
As I said and it keeps getting ignored, do you really think that a 200gr bullet will penetrate the same as a 300gr bullet if everything else is equal? Further, if SD/weight do not matter, why such long bullets in the 300gr range, why not lightweight bullets that can be pushed faster?
Rifle ideology has ALWAYS had limited application to handgun wounding effects. Things are a lot different when you add 1000fps to the mix. Bear in mind, this conversation is about traditional handgun rounds. Not the speedy X-frame chamberings or even the .454. That is what I meant about mixing way too many variables and coming to conclusions based on too little information.
By and large, the big bore rifle crowd is slowly coming around to flat nosed bullets.
Yes, McCourry has done a lot of testing but it's all with rifles. We were all there on the B&M forum in trying to make them understand get CEB to produce a handgun bullet with a wider meplat and an ogival nose shape, rather than a truncated cone. They're rifle guys, that's where their experience and mindset reside. Are we all changing our minds just to win an argument?
If everybody would just calm down and stop trying to hurry to the end of this journey, my next round of testing is probably going to answer many of these questions. I have an idea or two of some surprises it may reveal. One is that the monolithics may not actually penetrate deeper in SIMTEST than cast bullets. We may need the greater resistance of bones and other obstacles, those things that cause cast bullets to deform, to reveal their true advantage. We will see the effect velocity has on penetration as well.
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The thing is every thing isn't equal the light shorter bullet can be driven faster. Everything equal means the shorter lighter bullet is the same speed. The increased velocity will increase the penetration of the lighter bullets penetration in a monumental design. SD doesn't take all factors into account such as increased velocity
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Of course SD doesn't "take into account" all the other factors. It IS but ONE factor. You posted the definition but do you really know what it means? SD quantifies the bullet's weight relative to its diameter. It is not a measure of lethality like TKO.
For a proper and meaningful test, to determine the role of SD, one would have to drive two identical bullets, differing only in weight at the same velocity. That's how scientific testing works. Change one variable at a time. Your post suggests changing two variables and that would completely nullify the results because you'd have no way of determining which variable effected the outcome and how. Velocity variations have nothing to do with the role of SD. Testing the role velocity plays would involve testing the same bullet at varying speeds. Personally, I think bullet weight and therefore SD has a more dramatic effect on penetration than velocity. We shall see.
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Of course SD doesn't "take into account" all the other factors. It IS but ONE factor. You posted the definition but do you really know what it means? SD quantifies the bullet's weight relative to its diameter. It is not a measure of lethality like TKO.
For a proper and meaningful test, to determine the role of SD, one would have to drive two identical bullets, differing only in weight at the same velocity. That's how scientific testing works. Change one variable at a time. Your post suggests changing two variables and that would completely nullify the results because you'd have no way of determining which variable effected the outcome and how. Velocity variations have nothing to do with the role of SD. Testing the role velocity plays would involve testing the same bullet at varying speeds. Personally, I think bullet weight and therefore SD has a more dramatic effect on penetration than velocity. We shall see. I know exactly what SD means, but do you? SD is low on the list that effects penetration just as Miachel said. Whitworth's post Micheal’s words above and SD is low on the list. Increased velocity with a bullet that can stand up to the additional velocity will without a doubt will increase penetration.
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But will a 200gr bullet penetrate as well as an identical 300gr at the same velocity???
According to Michael and everyone else you guys have quoted, it will not. So weight and therefore SD, matters. Else we'd use aluminum bullets and get the same result.
The real question is how much does it matter? How much does velocity matter? At what point do they intersect?
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But will a 200gr bullet penetrate as well as an identical 300gr at the same velocity???
According to Michael and everyone else you guys have quoted, it will not. So weight and therefore SD, matters. Else we'd use aluminum bullets and get the same result.
The real question is how much does it matter? How much does velocity matter? At what point do they intersect? I doubt it, but why would you run the light bullet to the same velocity?
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I doubt it, but why would you run the light bullet to the same velocity? As I said, to isolate variables. You can't argue that one variable is meaningless and then change two variables to prove it. If you "doubt it", then weight and therefore sectional density matters. Case closed.
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But will a 200gr bullet penetrate as well as an identical 300gr at the same velocity???
According to Michael and everyone else you guys have quoted, it will not. So weight and therefore SD, matters. Else we'd use aluminum bullets and get the same result.
The real question is how much does it matter? How much does velocity matter? At what point do they intersect? I doubt it, but why would you run the light bullet to the same velocity? Recoil reduction, maybe some gain in ballistics. Loading for ultimate penetration is rarely a goal of mine.
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Yessir, and im a fan of limiting variables in the lab but it is often pointless if those are never the set of variables seen in real life. At the end of the day i would imagine one can make a bullet penetrate further shooting it out of a gun than just throwing it so i would imagine velocity matters.
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Well, it's the only way to determine the effect of each factor, to do so separately. Anybody can say, "this works, let's go kill something with it".
This is how we figure out what works, what works best and why. This is how progress is made. If we don't have answers to all these questions, there is obviously more still to learn. More information is always better. How can we provide a logical argument for this stuff if we don't have all the answers?
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Yessir, and im a fan of limiting variables in the lab but it is often pointless if those are never the set of variables seen in real life. At the end of the day i would imagine one can make a bullet penetrate further shooting it out of a gun than just throwing it so i would imagine velocity matters. Velocity definately matters and that is the beauty of a monometal flat lighter weight, more velocity with outstanding penetration and flatter trajectory.
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Buffal Bore Dangerous Game Load In 44 mad is 265 grain monometal flat point https://www.buffalobore.com/index.php?l=product_detail&p=561
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Well, it's the only way to determine the effect of each factor, to do so separately. Anybody can say, "this works, let's go kill something with it".
This is how we figure out what works, what works best and why. This is how progress is made. If we don't have answers to all these questions, there is obviously more still to learn. More information is always better. How can we provide a logical argument for this stuff if we don't have all the answers? True to a point. Theres no way to eliminate every variable and when you control yet one more, another crops up its ugly head so to some degree figuring out what works and works best is the way to go imho.
Actually doing something usually changes a persons previously worthless opinion
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Joined: Dec 2013
Posts: 1,124
Campfire Regular
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Campfire Regular
Joined: Dec 2013
Posts: 1,124 |
No but we can do the best we can in a controlled environment. We can learn what aspects work better than others, what factors are more important than others. If velocity or bullet weight don't play a huge role or if either one presents significant diminishing returns, then we're beating ourselves up for nothing. If either makes a significant difference, then we know what we want more of. Testing is just the beginning. We take what we glean there and then apply it in the field.
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