So you are saying that looking through more lenses cuts through the mirage better?
Nope. Number of lenses has nothing to do with this. Let me explain.
Mirage is an atmospheric phenomenon that is misnamed. Mirage is a French word that describes a phenomenon where you see something that isn't there. A good example of that is seeing water on the road far ahead of you and there isn't any.
The phenomenon that plagues high magnification scopes is more of an atmospheric shimmer. Everybody calls that mirage, and I'm fine with that as it's not a windmill worth tilting at.
Mirage is generated by the Sun warming up the ground (which can have rocks, water, vegetation, etc) and the heat waves and water vapor rising from the ground will mess up the image in a magnified optic. The mirage is useful to the precision shooter because it can be detected in the optic, and it is subject to the lightest of wind. If there is no wind, we get a boil, the mirage is going straight up. When the wind starts the mirage will be deflected by the wind and will appear as a river flowing in the optic. I have been recording mirage in spotting scopes for a few years now, to train people in recognizing the phenomenon and how to interpret and react to it. It's a work in progress.
As an F-class shooter, mirage is something that is simultaneously a curse and a gift. It's a gift because we can detect condition changes and it's a curse because it degrades the IQ (image quality) in your optics. It can even move the POA. This IQ degradation is what we are interested in.
There is no such thing as "cutting through the mirage." No optics does that; it's not a thing. Just like there is no bullet that can cut through wind.
What is a thing is that not all optics experience IQ degradation at the same rate. Just like not all bullets will be deflected by the same amount in the wind. So, what's the magic here? What enables some optics to degrade more slowly than others.
In a word, glass.
The way a riflescope works is that the objective lens will form the image of the objective at the first focal plane. This image will have been affected by the mirage because that’s an atmospheric phenomenon and it affects all optics, just not to the same degree. Let me introduce the concept of dispersion into the mix. When light is refracted through a lens the various wavelengths that make up visible light will not be focused at the same point. Also, the greater the refraction, the greater the dispersion. This dispersion manifests itself as something we call CA or chromatic aberration, and color fringing. Various types of glass bend various wavelength differently and some glass disperse it less than others. The scale used to measure the amount of dispersion is the Abbe number. The greater the Abbe number, the less dispersion there is with a type of glass.
So, what does dispersion have to do with mirage? Good question. The hypothesis is that if your lens has high color dispersion to begin with, the mirage effect will scramble it even more. We can see this in inexpensive high magnification scopes like the Weaver T-36. I used one for a few years in F-class at 1000-yards in South Texas and when the mirage was out, the target was completely messed up and pulsating in the T-36. Unshootable.
When I moved up to a Nightforce NXS 12-42X56, the IQ was much better in mirage, but when the mirage got very bad, I had to dial down from the 42X I wanted to use.
A riflescope after the FFP is really a magnifying glass that inspects the image in the FFP. If the FFP is bad, the magnification of that image will simply amplify the bad image, making it worse to your eye. A variable scope can amplify the FFP image to varying degrees. This is why the shooters with variable scopes will decrease the magnification of that FFP and thus reduce the mess they see. All variable riflescopes will have approximately the same number or lenses; it’s how they are shaped and located that makes the difference in magnification.
People are reporting that high quality optics “cut through the mirage” better than low quality optics. Yep, that’s because these high-quality optics control the CA better than the low-quality optics. The high-quality optics are not “cutting” through mirage, they simply are not as affected by mirage to the same extent as the low-quality optics and that’s because they control the dispersion better. But even with that, high-quality optics will run into an IQ wall as magnification increases.
I like to say that all riflescopes have great IQ when the conditions are good (low or no mirage.) That changes drastically when the mirage gets going. How can a riflescope be used at 50X, 75X or 80X in heavy mirage.
It’s that same word again: glass.
(More to come.)