My BIL killed his first elk with a 30-30, because that's the only gun he had. Wouldn't be my choice, but was impressed he didn't have to chase it across the county. I've hunted elk a couple times but never killed one. AS I recall shot was not very far but it did the job. Deer should be no problem with a decent bullet and shot placement. Never owned a 30-30, closest thing I have is a 35 rem. and never killed anything with it.