FWIW. From a 40 year miner, engineer, manager, and blasting contractor; And most recently, 5 years as an MSHA Inspector.

* MSHA Inspectors have NO power of arrest.
* Inpectors can write civil citations or orders to the owners or managers of the company. They can issue an Imminent Danger order to immediately withdraw miners from a dangerous area until the hazard is corrected.
* The only penalty written directly to an individual miner is for smoking in a posted No Smoking area like an explosives magazine, $250.
* Inspectors receive 22 weeks of formal training broken into 6 modules, at the MSHA Academy in Beckley, WV, plus about one year of OJT with experienced inspectors. NO FBI or spook training.
* MSHA can and has filed criminal charges against the owners or managers of a company for deliberate, willful violations of serious safety standards that could kill or seriously injure miners, after an in depth investigation, often after a fatal incident.
* For working miners, MSHA is a resource to make potentially hazardous workplaces safer, and can protect miners who have been fired or punished for bringing up a safety issue to management.
* MSHA differs from OSHA because MSHA has a legal requirement to fully inspect underground mines 4 times per year, surface mines and quarries twice per year, and seasonal operations once per year while in operation. OSHA has no such requirement, and often goes for years without inspections of worksites, unless a fatality occurs.

Last edited by Oldidaho; 11/06/21.