State after state were merely "declared ratified" in the absence of any documentation of any action on the part of said states' governments. Precisely the same occurred with respect to the 16th Amendment (income tax), declared ratified the same year. There was massive illegality in operation within our national government in the year 1913, under the direction, and for the benefit, of big money. Look for the state by state ratifications. You will not find nearly a sufficient number, as required by the Constitution. Many states who were declared to have ratified these amendments literally had taken no action whatsoever in their regards, and were merely declared by Congress to have ratified absent supporting documentation from the states in question.