A 3.5x15 SWFA would fit the bill perfectly for an AR shooting out to 600 yards.
Good quality glass and the optic itself is not overly large.
An example on a 16" gun:
As would a 4.5-14x42. I was just shooting at 600 the other day with a 4.5-14x42 Burris AR specific scope on an AR on a 10" plate. Hitting it with no issues at all. That's the minimum power I'd want. Using my 5-20x56 Nightforce makes it easier and then the 7-35x56 ATACR, even that much better. But if we are talking absolute minimum power, for my eyes 14x is it. YMMV. I for damn sure wouldn't be using a 1-8 power.