I've cleanly killed a half-dozen local deer (including the biggest of my life- 190lb. 11 point atypical) with a .45 Ohio-style rifle. .445 PRB and 70gr. of FFFg. None required tracking, none required a 2nd shot. Farthest distance something like 70 yds. It's performance can't be differentiated from my .50 cal. The only muzzleloader I've used that was more effective was an original .58 Springfield. Lord, what a mess that minie ball made!
