As for what works, I commute mostly on a Diamondback Ascent mountain bike (1991 vintage, bought when I was stationed at Lejune) converted to a single-speed.

I have a pannier bag on a rack, as I don't like the lack of mobility a backpack or messenger bag gives.

I use puncture resistant 1.5" slicks or Nokian studded tires depending on the time of year.

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I have a Nightrider 600 lumen front light and use a Planet Bike Superflash Blinky on the back.

Thankfully, I have a locked bike-cage at the hospital I work at that has security cameras pointed right at it, so having it in there and locked with a cable lock is worry-free.