I shot a cow elk at 297 yards with 20" barreled 308 Win. Bullet was a 180 gr Nosler Solid Base.
Thru ribs and lungs, thru off side shoulder blade and lodged under off side hide.
Went down pretty quick,
She absorbed ALL the energy. Don't know why you need any more than that.

"The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them."
Albert Einstein

At Khe Sanh a sign read "For those who fight for it, life has a flavor the protected never knew".