You can filter or chemically kill the microbes. I went on a long canoe trip down the Sabine river on the border of Texas and Louisiana back in the late seventies and we decided to boil our water. Man building a fire and waiting for that big tea kettle to boil while sitting in 95 degree heat and 90% humidity was torture. In the end I still ended up with an intestinal parasite that took years for the doctors to figure out why I had stomach problems which were cured easily with medication. We were in and out of the river all the time so I might have contracted the parasite that way. After that experience I started putting 2-4 drops of chlorine bleach in a gallon of water and letting it sit for an hour. I have uses several different filters but prefer to use bleach simply because an eyedropper bottle of bleach will do the job for many gallons of water.


Dog I rescued in January

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