I missed two deer with a 45-70 because of brush.
I also missed a doe with a .54 muzzleloader, killed about a 2" tree trunk though.
That is probably why the 742 Remington is so popular up north.
So darn many trees in the way! They just pound away until a bullet gets through!
The same theory applies in the shotgun slug zone, Remington 1100 slug guns dominate, and the owners brag about how many boxes of shells they go through. We have lots of brush in Minnesota, the deer hide in it!
whelennut