Almost without exception they are at least a couple of hundred fps short of what the owners were expecting, and of course me and my gear are always to blame.
When I first started graphing book loads - 1981 - it was uncommon for my loads and or my guns to give the expected (listed) velocities.
Over the years I've noticed improvement in the accuracy of book listed velocities. All of them are not as expected but MORE are at least closer.
We must remember that none of us are using the same...
Rifles/Barrels
Brass
Primers
Powder
Bullets - that are used by the loading manuals.
Some or Many don't notice that some pressures are listed - CUP - not PSI.
They're not the same and 'usually' velocity will be less because the CUP pressures are lower than PSI.
Jerry
