My mind, too, jumped first to the 30-30. I suspect, however, that more deer have been shot with the 30-06 than anything else (at least in the US)
I would agree with that BUT I'm NOT certain because of the 30-30s head start. I'd NOT think the 06 came into vogue as a hunting round BEFORE the end of "The Great War", (WW I)
Also over the years I've known more 30-30 hunters than 06 hunters. (that's very subjective)
My opinion only.
