Perfect cartridges? That’s a tall order. It’s easy to design a complete battery, even with fewer, but that’s not same thing. I’d call the 22lr perfect because it shoots and kills way out of proportion to its size.

The 223, 308 and 9mm make the list by working so well for so much in so many platforms. I’d call the 280 the best balanced hunting round but, in truth, others could claim the same ground.
The 375? Do you have to ask? The design is dated but it’s the king of all arounders. A bigger round for giant beasts? Ok, but I’ll punt on that one to someone who’s done it. Shotshell perfection begins and ends with the 12.
A perfect cartridge? Probably the 6.5 CM. It seems to work just as designed. Traditionalists, including me, will just have to deal with it.