I have shot 3 elk, 1 deer, and 1 bear with the 45-70 with 405g cast. the elk were all heart lung shots from ranges between 40 to 120 yards and ran from 15 to 60 yards. bear was heart shot. bang, flop. deer was shot last Friday afternoon at 60 feet. bang flop. there is nothing in the lower 48 I would hesitate to use the 45-70 on. if actually after a griz I would use 550g craters.
the great thing about the 45-70 with a wide flat nose bullet is you have close to if not a bigger than 1/2 inch hole starting out. remember if you place a hole in the plumbing the blood pressure goes to zero and everything shuts down. never bought into the hydrostatic shock business.


the consolidation of the states into one vast republic, sure to be aggressive abroad and despotic at home, will be the certain precursor of that ruin which has overwhelmed all those that have preceded. Robert E Lee
~Molɔ̀ːn Labé Skýla~