I have shot at least 50 fox in my days using a .222 Remington caliber rifle. I also killed several with a .22mag up close within 25 yards with head shots.
Now last fall I shot two of those Fox in the chest at 45 yards with a new Savage 17-HMR and 20 grain bullet. It knocked them down but only for a few minutes and they got up and trotted off to the woods. So no more .17-HMR for FOX!!!
Instead I will continue to use either the .223 or the .204-Ruger caliber. They both have plenty of power and knock down capability. The .17-HMR is for ground squirrel or tree rats period.