Exactly 1, a 5X5 in Colorado. I used a 6.5X55 and 140 grain Core-lokt bullets. One shot the bull never got up, but I applied a finisher. In retrospect I am absolutely assured the caliber is more than enough, however next time I'll be shooting Nosler Partitions. Just a little better suited for elk. I am suprised to see the 6.5X55's absence on thelists. Even scenarshooter's list doesn't have it and he's seen lots of elk fall over.