Mortgage on the first one. Ten years, done.
That was after an Army hitch and college. No loans there either. Worked. Paid as I went. And paid the mortgage fast. And drove embarrassing pieces of chit. Never had one stolen, broken into or had to pay outrageous insurance rates.

The home I'm in now we bought while living in another house paid for. Rented it out a few years when we moved here. So, there was no 1031 exchange or rolling over of sales proceeds.
We saved up for it.