I do not know if there is a set of physical characteristics that determines ability to take heavy recoil.
I know my personal limit lies below 416 Rigby levels.
I can shoot my 375 with 300gr bullets all day.
404Jeffery up to about 60 rounds.
When I had different Rigby's, less than 10 rounds.
I am looking forward to playing with a 416 Remington and 350gr TSX's.
