I've shot elk up to 435 yards (rangefindered) with a 165 grain partition. I personally feel that the 165gr bullet and the 30-06 is a match made in heaven. A lot of folks go heavier, 180 gr and up, but I don't see a need for it. If you feel the need to go heavier then go 35 Whelen or get into the 300 mags. A lot depends on your sensitivity to recoil. Heavier bullets, heavier recoil. Less flinch is a big deal when you get out to 3-4-500 yards. Everybody already knows this but few really and objectively think about it.

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