Some variation from gun to gun, but as a guide I would say from the bench or prone I can shoot up to a 30.06 or 338 RCM plenty enough to load work up ( say 30 rounds) with out thinking about it much. Bigger than that I can shoot well, but it wears on me and I take some precautions, wearing a jacket or a PAST recoil pad. For my smaller stuff 250AI or 6BR, I can shoot quite a few rounds without caring.
For standing or sticks the bigger stuff doesn't really bother me to much, but 375 Ruger is as big as I go.