I can’t explain the mathematical equation. Several years ago a buddy was at the house. He came over to pattern his gun. We got into the debate of my 20 gauge load of TSS vs his 12 gauge Long Beard load. To be fair, he was shooting 6’s and I was shooting 8.5’s. We put up a piece of barn tin. I can’t remember if it was 40, 50 or 60 yards. His Long Beard dented the metal and about 50% of my TSS 8.5’s penetrated the metal.

Another reason I think the TSS kills more effectively is the density of the pattern. Even at 30 yards, #4’s leave some gaps in a target the size of a turkey head. #9 TSS covers the target in a spectacular fashion.

I enjoy handguns and I really like shotguns,...but I love rifles!