No one seems to have mentioned due diligence on the part of the hunter. Asking for references of former clients of the outfitter/guide. A couple of questions to the former clients might go a long way to letting the prospective hunter know what is "expected" of them regarding tips or if they might even be "deserved". Then again, if the answer is they don't deserve a tip, perhaps better to find another situation for your expensive hunt, no?

Geno

The desert is a true treasure for him who seeks refuge from men and the evil of men.
In it is contentment
In it is death and all you seek
(Quoted from "The Bleeding of the Stone" Ibrahim Al-Koni)

member of the cabal of dysfunctional squirrels?