338s and 375s and excellent bullets have been responsible for their share of rodeos with bears, statistically perhaps more than other calibers.
.........though, of course, that doesn't mean the rifles or bullets are actually the problem.
I would bet that the 30-06 has probably killed more than either the 338 or 375 as it was the most popular guide's rifle well into the 1960's and is still a valid option.