Lets put it this way; having actually USED a 44 Keith and a 44 LFN, both with meplats smaller than a 358 OWC and same heat treated alloy, all driven to the 900-1000 muzzle mark on either deer or hogs, the 44s (apparently shockingly) made larger holes in hide, muscle and soft tissue than the 38 did, despite the meplat worship.
It isnt even close.
My answer to your question is a guess with a "depends" thrown in.
If the 45 has a shoulder, Id rate the primary wound damage about par. If were talking the old school factory 45 bullet, then the 44s.
Anyone who has had the misfortune of hunting with the round nosed foster or shouldered Brenneke slugs will tell you the Brenneke cuts and does more damage, even though harder and less prone to deform.
Still never saw the 20 Brenneke make even a 12 gauge foster look small.