I have never tried this myself either but it should be possible.
In trying to reduce what is possible to its bare elements, let's consider the point of the exercise as simply figuring if enough of a spark/flash can be produced out the end of the muzzle of a barrel X inches long using just a primered case. From there, we do not have to confound the question with the inclusion of being able to ignite the actul gunpowder with the flash produced because one only really needs the spark/flash produced by only the primered case to produce a fire anyway. Proper preperation of appropriate tinder material still applies.
Do it in the dark. If there is a significant enough flash then it should work. You could put a cotton ball soaked in vaseline at the end of the muzzle to see if it will take the park and ignite. The question of whether one can pull the bullet is another question and variable altogether. I would actually try the exercise using rimfire ammo from a handgun instead of a centerfire rifle bullet... less expensive. A $3 match? No thanks
BTW, Les Stroud of "Survivorman" fame did it in his artic tundra episode.
