Hodgdon lists pressure tested data for the .30-06 where it can push 150g BTs to 3068fps with H4350 and 3072fps with Superformance powders while staying well under .30-06 max pressures. 24" barrels for both. That's a 100fps more than the max listed for the .308 Win. Agreed,that is not a tremendous difference for the average hunter.
I load them to 2975fps in my .30-06 rifles (all 22") with H4350 with a load 2.0g under Hodgdon's max of 62.0g compressed, 3068fps. The Hodgdon load is 48,400 CUP, well under SAAMI 50,000 CUP max.
For the .308's we use Varget, again with a lighter load than Hodgdon max, 46.0g instead of 47.0g compressed. In Daughter #1's 22" Ruger that yields 2765fps instead of Hodgdon's 2937fps at 24". In my Ruger Scout, the 16.1" barrel provides 2699fps with 46.0g Varget. What surprises me is the extra 6" on the .22" rifle provides only an additional 66fps total or 11fps/inch.
Also agreed there is no bad choice between the two and that the .30-06 advantage increases with bullet weight. If I had to choose just one the .30-06 would win easily because I hunt elk every year. If I was in a different part of the country the .308 Win would probably be the easy winner.
[Edited to add...]
Not only would the .308 Win be an easy winner for me in different circumstances, it is what I recommended for Daughter #1, who, while an adult, is still rather petite and recoil sensitive. For her I load the following: 130g Barnes TTSX to 3045fps 150g Nosler BT to 2785fps 165g North Fork SS to 2744fps
Those loads yield the following, MPBR zeroed for a 6" diameter target"
